Table of Content

15 May 2009, Volume 16 Issue 3

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Articles

Thinking of the Next 30year Reform in China
——From the Perspective of HumanOriented System  

2009, 16(3):  5-20. 

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Abstract： The next 30year reform in China can be compared with the formation of the Olympic "fiverings", which, including economic structure reform, political structure reform, social structure reform, cultural structure reform and ecoenvironmental structure reform, are interlocked in such a way that all parts work together effectively. As far as the scope and depth of are concerned, it will be a deeper, greater change than ever before, whether in the past 30 years or in the three "30year"s in the Chinese history since 1919. The following points should be comprehended clearly: first, since the essence of the reform is determined by people's liberation and free development, an accurate understanding should be made of the connotation of the "human" from the three levels of length, width and inner core, replacing the "human as device" with the "human as substance" so as to reach gradually to the "overall, highlevel humanoriented"; secondly, a "bilinear balance" should be maintained, that is, seeking for the best equilibrium between marketoriented economics and social justice. And it is necessary to promote the reform of primarydistribution and redistribution, to reduce three wealth inclinations (government, monopoly enterprise and nonmanual workers), to establish the property system of resources and environment in order to solve unfair distributions derived from reasonless resource price and tax revenue, and to apply PPP mechanism, by combining three parties of government, market and society, to the remission of the insufficient public products and service; thirdly, promote the emancipation of productive forces, production relations and humans themselves, and realize their interaction; fourthly, encourage the innovation of economic system from the four aspects of the "upper" (governmental economic management), the "lower" (micro basis and market system), the "inner" (people's livelihood and sustained development) and the "outside" (adapting to globalization); finally, push forward the systematic reform of the "fiverings" of economy, politics, society, culture and ecoenvironment, and make their integration, preventing the "dignitary" and the "populism", especially the former.

The Discrepancy Comparison and Convergence Development of the
Modern Information Service in the Tree Major Regions in China

2009, 16(3):  21-28. 

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 The modern information service, as a new industry deriving from the intersection of informational technology and service, is gradually merging into all the links in the global economy, which is both a key industry of the service economy in developed countries and a proper access to the new industrial system in developing countries. This essay, based on the successful innovation of international information services, and from the five aspects of locational index, regional division, competitive force, research investment and innovative capability, gives a quantitative analysis of the development of the Chinese three major regions, thus coming to a conclusion of the necessity to have an informational convergence to promote the economic development in the above regions. For the Yangtze delta, an importance should be attached to the innovative service center containing economy, finance, trade and shipping, and at the same time, face the small and mediumsized private business, developing an urbanized, benefitted, paninformational social service, especially a new information service, so as to link up with the global system gradually. And for the Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei areas, stress should be laid on the innovative service center containing technology, culture and sports, developing a productive information service of converging informationization and industrialization as well as an information product of the state database so as to form the famous brand and intellectual property. And for the Pearl River delta, more attention should be paid to the innovative service center supporting the construction of the new countryside, developing an information service facing the rapidgrowth enterprise in Hong Kong, Macao and other areas as well as a market system from capital operation to information operation. It is significant for these three major regions to strengthen the industry convergence and coordinated management, and reduce the risk and cost of innovation so as to turn the extensive informational resource into the knowledge product of scientific policymaking, forming the overall superiority of the Chinese culture in the field of global informational service.

The Changing Tendency and Forecasting of World Food Security

2009, 16(3):  29-36. 

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 The global economy has a sustained growth and prosperity, but, instead of the hungry phenomenon in the world being eliminated, the population suffered from starvation increases continuously, which signifies a grave situation of world food security. Judging from the current condition, if we want to resolve such problems as population inflation, starvation and food security from the root, it is necessary to urge the international community to gather a common effort to relieve the starvation and malnutrition of povertystricken countries and areas, making their economy and global economy develop together. For the sustained economic growth of developing countries, the first thing is to overcome the problems of starvation and malnutrition and ensure their food security. Therefore forecasting the world output of grain (chiefly corn), meal, egg, milk, aquatic products as well as the population, appears very important, which is helpful for the security of world food, especially for the starvation and malnutrition in developing countries. This essay, by a combined model of linear regression, curve fitting, exponential function, time series and grey system forecast, gives an analysis of such items as population, land, grain, meat, egg, milk, and aquatic product. The result shows that, in the next 20 years, since the amount of land, grain, meat, egg, milk, and aquatic product are all in growth, the total output of world grain will continue to maintain a per capita figure of more than 355 kilograms, slightly higher than the present world average level, that is to say, there is a little chance of the grain crisis all over the world. What's more, the world meat structure will tend to be more reasonable, and both the per capita amount of taking in animal protein and the living standard of the global people will enhance greatly. But that doesn't mean that there will not be any local famine or serious famine, especially for the developing countries in northern Africa and eastern Asia. In addition, be guard against the relative grain insufficiency and land decreasing due to the development of biological energy, which may cause grain crisis.

An Analysis of the Ontology of Practical
Existential Aesthetics and Literary Theories
——Centering on the Relation Between Practice and Existentialism

2009, 16(3):  37-50. 

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 The practical existence, as a branch of ontology, appears in recent years in the field of aesthetics and literary theories, which combines the practice of Marxism with the existence of Heidegger' s existentialism, accompanied by the argument between practical aesthetics and postpractical aesthetics. Its precursor is practical ontology on a basis of practical materialism. A review of classic texts can discover that, while the term of practical materialism doesn't exist actually, the practical ontology in the field of aesthetics and literary theories seems to be, based on the above practical materialism, walking on the route of materialism. But, in fact, its theoretical explanation completely falls on the socalled "practice", to be precise, on the socalled "practical activity". When practical activity is brought into play artificially and unlimitedly, or when the material foundation in reality is never paid attention to, this practice will dangerously become the spirit practice of subjectivity. Therefore, the argument of practical ontology does not hold water. In the same way, the term of practical existence is also questionable. Judging from the theoretical structure, the relation between practice and existence as well as their symbiotic, interacted possibility, is the inner requirement of this theoretical explanation, which, as the ontology of aesthetics and literary theories, needs adopting to the logic principle in theory. Marx' s practice refers to the human' s material labor and revolutionary action, both including the original material activity and intercourse, and including the social activity and revolutionary action on a basis of reality. The practice here can not be considered as a comprehensive activity and behavior, or a moral practice in a sense of Aristotle and Kant. It is social, historical activity instead of mystery, abstract debate or the activity of animallike existence. For Heidegger, his existence doesn' t concern about Marx' s practice. It is the "clarification" or the socalled "clarification for existence" instead of the human' s practice in reality. And either the "clarification" or the "clarification", in fact, belongs to the subject' s supreme enlightenment in spirit, which can not be acquired by human. Compared with the "realm of freedom" by Marx and Engels, Heidegger' s "clarification for existence" is of the "other riverside" character, that is, this riverside' s yearning towards that riverside. Therefore, either in theoretical connotation or in detailed reference, there is the difference between Marx' s practice and Heidegger' s existence, which gives a great problem to the explanation of practical existence. Ontology as a science can only be the monism and historicalview of dialectical materialism. But, for the aesthetics and literary theories of practical existence, the specific way of explanation is: first, to distort and narrow the conception of Marx' s practice; and then, to generalize the view of practice; and then, to contrast and combine Heidegger' s existentialism; and finally, to create the socalled system of practical existence. Up to this step, there is not Marxist practice at all. The aesthetics and literary theories of practical existence have a grave theoretical misplay.

"Literature Is Something" and "Something Is Literature"

2009, 16(3):  51-73. 

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 By "literature is something", we mean a systematical explanation of literature, and this concept, circumscribed by times and regions, only comes after "something is literature". But, for "something is literature", the implied meaning is: among so many discourse modes as language tools, which one can be called literature, that is, demanding a pure inherent judgment. Literature as linguistic phenomena also possesses the basic function of intercourse and communication. And according to this function, the inherent general principles of literature can be established: (1) for something only being understood, use metaphor in such a way that deep impression is given up; (2) for something difficult to express, although describing in detail, do not waste lines; (3) for something unable to say out, be sure to depict in an understated way, stopping where it should stop; (4) for something disdained to portray, be modified by elegance, with limited exaggeration. Literature is utilitarian, according to which, the inherent categorical system of literature can be established. And the conceptual intermediary within literary category is the inner basis of logic literary evolution. Literature itself is a "conscious" discourse. So the argument of "the Wei and Jin dynasties are of the age of literary consciousness" lacks a theoretical support.

Wellek' s Notion of Literary History　

2009, 16(3):  74-87. 

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 Numerous literary histories have been turned out since there appeared the genre of literary history that records literary happenings and developments. The styles of extant literary histories are, to a great degree, mixed-up and unsystematic. Yet, the questions that need to be seriously considered remain unanswered: what is a literary history? What is the nature of it? And how to write a literary history? René Wellek and Austin Warren argues in their Theory of Literature, which remains quite influential on us and is even regarded as a Bible of literary theory from various aspects the nature of literary history and the methods for writing it, and criticizes the faulty notions of literary history in the past and at present. In a sense, Wellek inherits the historical sense of literary history initiated by Eliot, a tradition that looks at literary works macrocosmically and dynamically. In reference to the theoretical nature, Wellek develops his notion of literary history, including a systematic notion of value, on the basis of Eliot' s and Ransom' s ontological poetics and Eliot' s "organic wholeness" and "impersonal theory of poetry". Starting from this point, Wellek constructs a theoretical framework of literary history: literary history is a kind of literary theory in a sense that expresses structure of determination or system of value synthesized or "refined" in the criticism of an object of experience. The framework of literary history is thus structured under the guide of this theory and on the basis of logic relations between the internal literary system and "a simultaneous order" and synthesis of readers' and critics' literary criticism. As a matter of fact, Wellek' s notion of literary history is not perfect. First, on the whole, Wellek is biased in terms of literary existence; second, his notion is also mixed with some basic ideas proposed by hermeneutics and new historicism; last but not least, Wellek' s notion of literary evolution is problematic. In the final analysis, Wellek'  s notion of literary history insists on an internal study of literature rather than historical, social or ideological, or not even psychological studies of literature. His, in short, does not transcend beyond what New Criticism proposed, which we have to be alert for.

Society and Subjectivity|The Political Economy of the Chinese Melodrama

2009, 16(3):  88-99. 

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 A study of filmmaking in China will, almost inevitably, take as its starting point the relation of the character ("the self") to the social space in which it moves. The assumption that this dramatic relation is also, at bottom, ideological is evident in contemporary Chinese films through the continuity with and conflict between the preLiberation traditions of Confucianism and postLiberation ideologies of socialism, a continuity and conflict that turn on the relation among the self, the family, the workplace, and the state, the fundamental terms of any image of the social totality. Starting from these premises, this essay argues that that the most complex and compelling popular film form that embodies the negotiation between the traditional ethical system and the new state ideology, one that articulates the range and force of the emotional contradictions between them, is what is known in the West as "melodrama." Because this category is not part of the Chinese genre system, its use entails a shift of cultural perspective.

Xie Jin: the Artistic Peak in the Golden Age of the Chinese Film

2009, 16(3):  100-108. 

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 Abstract： As one of the third generation of the Chinese film, Xie Jin achieves remarkable results. His three phases of creation all have masterpieces, which represent the highest peak in the film creation of the Chinese ethic melodrama. This tradition of creation, by way of realistic film narratives, works out stories as the life itself, making dramatic and typified. From Zheng Zhengqiu' s A Obedient Orphan through Cai Chusheng' s Spring River Flows East to Xie Jin' s films, all embody this tradition loved by common people. The creation of his first phase has following characters: basically, the protagonist is female, often in the bottom of society, and run away from the family, without any help, finding no way out; and at this time, she meets a male, who is elder and more mature than her and symbolizes revolutionary ideals, helping her to overcome all kinds of difficulties; thus she frees herself from helplessness, going through the crisis and beyond herself, and, finally, enters into the big revolutionary family. And in the second phase, this pattern has a change. Very often, the hero is wrongly dealt with, either becoming a "rightist", or in a exile, excluded from social life; but, finally, the heroine who is both pretty and goodhearted, falls into love with him, and, by way of the family' s comfort as well as the female sentiment, gives solace to his psychological wound. The third phase witnesses his bewilderment and struggle, and, at the same time, brings to an end the golden age of the Chinese film. Although he tries best to change that, the film has not come back into the public life. During the time, almost all the films, including Xie Jin' s, haven' t won acclaim from the audience. Therefore, gradually, he drops out of the center of stage. Although he does not always stand on the highest peak, his films represent the artistic peak of the two ages. He is one of the most outstanding artists in the period from 1949 to 1976. Even if Xie Jin is not ahead of his time, he is a synthesizer who combines tradition with modern, as well as the Western, and keeps pace with the time in such a way that he becomes the hero of the 30year mainstream film in China. Xie Jin is not only the peak of Xie Jin' s age but also the great classic master in the golden age of the Chinese film.

The Spatiality and Subjectivity in
Xie Jin' s Film Melodrama of the New Period

2009, 16(3):  109-126. 

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 By analyzing the textual embodiment of a set of symbolic divisions valorized by the Chinese patriarchal sociocultural order in classical Chinese fiction, drama, critical discourses and film melodrama and the ways in which these divisions contribute to the construction of a viewing subject implicated in the complex social relations that make up the Chinese social formation in spatial terms, we can gain new insights into the intertextuality of Xie Jin's film melodrama in terms of its relation to the traditional Chinese melodramatic paradigm and the political paradigm of the Mao period and the vital role it plays in the new period as a period of political and cultural transition. Focusing on Xie Jin' s deployment of a bipolar narrative pattern informed by the Chinese yinyang cosmology that allows him to blend history with fiction and the sociocultural and political function of his melodramatic treatment of touchy political issues and identity problems with recourse to specific miseenscene techniques and cinematic codes, the author argues that the significance of Xie Jin' s film melodrama which centers on the definition and redefinition of the social and political status of the main characters within a highly limited ethical and political discursive field lies in its function to provide women and other socially disadvantaged social groups with a semantically complex reference framework and new modes of moral expressivity to negotiate with the dominant forces in society and its capacity to mediate social contradictions and facilitate the construction of a collective subjectivity that promotes and affirms sociocultural transformation in the new period.

A Probe into the Information Security of
EDocuments in EGovernment

2009, 16(3):  127-134. 

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 With the expediting of socialization and informationization, egovernment has been ranked by all countries in the strategic prior project. While the development of egovernment bases on the information security, the information security of edocuments becomes an important part of the information security of egovernment. The information security of edocuments refers to the safety protection for the privacy, completeness, availability, controllability and nonrepudiation of the electronic information content. Since edocuments are characteristic of nonartificial directreading, system dependence, separation between information and specific carrier, information diversity, high density storage, multimedia integration and information maneuverability, not only is the edocument content difficult to be safeguarded, but also the credence function is questioned. At the same time, there is possibility that the edocument content is unable to be read although the carrier, software and hardware are all safe and sound, and also there is the danger of edocument information lost or destroyed due to the hacker' s intrusion or virus breakage. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the safeguard of edocument information and prevent the edocument information from being illegally falsified or destroyed. Also more attention should be paid, by analysis of the main factor influencing the security of edocument information in egovernment, and from the three aspects of technology, administration and law, to the probe into the informational safety of edocuments.

The New Characteristics of the Archives Utilization in the Electronic Age
——From the User' s Perspective

2009, 16(3):  135-144. 

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The utilization of the archives information resources in China, from the user' s perspective, possesses the following new characteristics: (1) in the aspect of user' s field, there is a tendency to socialization, using extensively government reference, scientific research, historiography and popular life; (2) in the aspect of achieves requirement, there is a tendency to threedimension, not only including archives research but also concerning about something practical, generic and leisure; (3) in the aspect of the using subject, there is a tendency to allroundness, that is, there are more and more individual and oversea users in addition to the Party and government organ and social organization; (4) in the aspect of the using object, there is a tendency to diversification, including the usage of both the historical achieves and the current achieves, even the open consultancy; (5) in the aspect of the utilization grounds, there is a tendency to legalization, a definite regulation being made about the principle and procedure of the achieves utilization, the form and purview of the achieves proclamation, and the right and obligation of the archives user; (6) in the mode of archives utilization, there is a tendency to scientificity, displaying a scientific utilization method, a true archives information and a diversity of the utilization access; (7) in the aspect of archives instrument, there is a tendency to modernization, which supplies the longrange archives utilization with such technological means as the digitalization of the archives office, the construction of informationization and archives websites. All these exhibit a process of stepbystep development. With the growing of the information age, economic construction and social evolution, the characteristics of archives utilization is sure to be greater diversified. Therefore, it is significant for making a good job of archives service to understand and exert the above new characteristics and governinglaws.