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Can AI Create Arts ? ZHOU Feng Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (6): 79-90.   Abstract （78）            Knowledge map    Save The differences between AI and human brain determines AI’s lack of subjectivity: the nature of computation and the first-order isomorphic information processing of machines means that in information processing, AI has only one information output port, but humans have both body and consciousness output ports, which are in proto-isomorphic relationship. Consciousness port is self-oriented and generating cognition or evaluation by working together with the body port. This is exactly what AI is missing. The nature of AI computation defines the mechanical nature of its art creation: the lack of knowledge or expressions of its own determines its absence of subjectivity. Therefore, AI works are not arts if judged from the traditional perspective of the art essence theory, but from the perspective of art system theory, they can create arts although the subject of its expressions is not AI, but the human operator behind it. In this sense, AI can only be a medium. It is possible that AI expresses subjectivity, but only under the prerequisite that we face up to AI’s predicaments of subjectivity so as to give full play to its advantages and artistic innovation as a medium. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Return to“Xintai”: Shifting to the Perspective of a Community for Urban Shequ Governance JIN Qiao Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (6): 1-14.   Abstract （129）            Knowledge map    Save How to build a community of urban Shequ (neighborhood) governance is a hot research topic at present. The previous literature can be classified into two categories in the light of research approach: a community of governance and a community of Shequ. The former pays more attention to the structural relationship and functional match among entities of governance and focuses on how to facilitate effective cooperation between entities, thus following an analytic approach of“structure-cooperation orientation.”The latter inherits the tradition of exploring the essential attributes of“community,”and focuses on Shequ characteristics, residential entities, and the formation of a community of urban Shequ governance from the collective psychological and spiritual aspects, following an analytic approach of“psychology-solidarity orientation.”Overseas studies have their own research traditions, centered on such intertwined concepts as sense of community, community attachment, etc.. Overseas studies have a direct bearing on relevant domestic studies, but there is a risk of“fragmentation”of community spiritual life which should be regarded as a whole. As urban governance turns to be increasingly refined, it is necessary to return to the“Xintai”(mentality) perspective advocated by Fei Xiaotong, which explores the more secretive and inseparable residential “Xintai”that is not limited in certain communities, but deep rooted in traditions. It also explores the influence of“Xintai”on the construction of a community of urban Shequ governance based on detailed field investigations. Urban studies in the“Xintai”perspective are not new, so a more in-depth understanding of “Xintai”and comparative studies of different cities, neighborhoods and groups of people are needed. It is worth mentioning that in building a community of Shequ governance, megacities should be prioritized due to their special academic significance and strategic importance. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Augmented Intelligence: Double Connotations and Implications YANG Qingfeng Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (6): 51-62.   Abstract （79）            Knowledge map    Save With the wide application of artificial intelligence (AI) in various practical fields, intelligent making-decision has become a prominent phenomenon, which in turn has made augmented intelligence a possible independent category. However, a limited understanding of augmented intelligence within the practical fields underestimates its impact on AI ethics. An extended understanding of AI ethics in the perspectives of philosophy and ethics reveals its dual connotations: auxiliary relation and symbiotic relation. Auxiliary relation is the continuation of instrument-oriented thinking which regards AI as a tool confined to a particular field, while symbiotic relation further explores the relationship between human beings and various species of intelligent machines. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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ChatGPT: Mind, Implications, and Risks of GPT Language Models JIAN Shengyu Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (6): 63-78.   Abstract （94）            Knowledge map    Save GPT (Generative pre-training transformation) language models, represented by ChatGPT, show the ability to simulate human mind. Their continuous optimization and technological iterations makes it possible for them to become an indispensable part of people’s daily work and life. Once GPT language models start to have the human-like mind and obtain industrial application, they will bring new productivity like never before, and even reshape the basic pattern of human society. However, GPT language models not only promote productivity, but also incur such problems as job replacement and derivative risks resulting from extremely rapid technological upgrading. The integration of GPT language models and their derivative applications into social production and social life should be a gradual and steady process, so as to create buffer time and avoid excessive impact on society Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Short-Term Loans Used as Long-Term Investment, Digital Inclusive Finance and Enterprise Total Factor Productivity  BU Jiewen, TANG Long, LI Guangwu Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (5): 120-140.   Abstract （118）            Knowledge map    Save Chinese enterprises have intensified their usage of short-term loans as long-term investment given the mismatch between the supply and demand of long-term credit funds in the financial market. Based on the data of China’s A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2020 and the digital inclusive financial index, this study finds that although short-term loans used as long-term investment can temporarily meet the financing needs of enterprises, they will significantly lower their total factor productivity; the development of digital inclusive finance effectively alleviates such a negative impact on the total factor productivity in that it improves the accessibility of financial services to users, supplies more diversified financial services, eases the financing constraints of enterprises, increases innovation investment and reduces inefficient investment; and the effect of digital inclusive finance significantly varies according to the ownership nature of an enterprise, regional financial efficiency and enterprise scale. It is essential for all regions to accelerate the development of digital inclusive finance, so as to promote the reform of traditional financial markets, prevent and resolve major financial risks, reduce enterprises’short-term loans used as long-term investment and their negative effects, improve the total factor productivity and market competitiveness of enterprises, and constantly promote their high-quality development. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chinese Solution: Implications of the EU Innovative Regulation of Digital Platform“Gatekeepers” LI Ben, XU Huanyan Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (5): 105-119.   Abstract （166）            Knowledge map    Save The importance of Internet platforms in the global digital economy is self-evident. However, a few super platforms, characteristic of strong bilateral connectivity and data monopoly, are likely to abuse market power and become digital platform“gatekeepers”setting barriers to market entry, thus damaging both the rights and interests of consumers and the market environment for fair competition. As an industry legislation made specifically to regulate Internet platforms, the EU Digital Markets Act breaks away from the regulatory framework of the traditional competition law. Some of its regulatory innovations, such as strengthening ex-ante regulation, imposing data portability and interoperability obligations on“gatekeepers”, have reflected the new trend of Internet platform regulation. In the future, China can appropriately use the legislative experience of EU for reference, implement classified supervision on Internet platforms, strengthen ex-ante regulation, and explore local approaches to the portability and interoperability of platform data. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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On the Relationship Between Rights and Obligations of Community Residents  —An Observation on Community Governance in Shanghai YU Zucheng, DING Keyin Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (5): 1-10.   Abstract （133）            Knowledge map    Save To implement the concept of“people’s city”and to build a community of social governance in which“everyone fulfills his/her due obligations while enjoying deserved rights”, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between the rights and obligations of community residents. Based on the Community governance in Shanghai，from the perspective of“law-standard theory”, the ideal relationship should be that“the fulfillment of residents’obligations promotes the realization of their rights, and the exercise of their rights promotes their awareness to fulfill their obligations, thus striking a relative balance between rights and obligations”. However, there is a big gap between the reality and the ideal, because the rights and obligations are unbalanced. In the future, how to promote both the autonomy of urban community residents and their subjectivity and responsibility in the context of increased power control is the fundamental key to addressing the imbalance of residents’rights and obligations. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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On the Setting of Reasonable Duty of Care for Copyrights in NFT Trading Platforms  GAO Yang Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (5): 89-104.   Abstract （112）            Knowledge map    Save NFT trading platforms have a certain duty of care in the trading of digital works to maintain the intellectual property order in the Internet environment, but this duty of care should be set specifically according to the type of platform. Under the B2C mode, those NFT trading platforms that provide cooperated or independently created digital works to the public, have a high duty of care because they have strong ability to identify and control infringed contents as providers although the digital works are stored on-chain. Under the C2C mode, those NFT trading platforms that store digital works off-chain are a new type of internet service provider (ISP), therefore, their duty of care should be set in accordance with such influencing factors as direct financial benefit, control ability and popularity of works. For an NFT trading platform with off-chain storage, the fixed fee it charges for providing basic services does not belong to the direct financial benefit obtained from the infringement act. Moreover, it does not have the control ability because it has not set clear guidelines and requirements for internet users to avoid infringement. Therefore, such a platform is only responsible for the general duty of care of“notice - necessary measures”for copyright infringed contents uploaded by internet users. However, in the case of well-known works and repeated infringements, it has a higher duty of care to adopt technical review. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Construction Path to Chinese Film Ethics System JIA Leilei Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (5): 37-45.   Abstract （144）            Knowledge map    Save Film ethics is an emerging discipline within the humanities pedigree. Taking the basic principles of ethics as the frame of reference, it adopts an integrated approach to interpreting the ethical significance of the narrative style and content of a film from the perspectives of film narrative, film psychology, film sociology and film history. As a cross-disciplinary theory, film ethics takes narrative texts of images as the research object, ethical thoughts expressed in films as the main research content, and humanistic spirit of arts as the evaluation benchmark. While being committed to creating a theoretical interpretation tool suitable for image language, it also brings the tool into the overall research paradigm of film theory that coexists with other film disciplines. Apart from the above-mentioned basic characteristics, Chinese film ethics also places special emphasis on embedding the ethical thoughts from fine traditional Chinese culture into the film evaluation system, thus promoting the prosperity and development of Chinese films in both theoretical and practical senses.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Generative Governance: The Realization Logic of Grassroots Governance Through Party Building Leadership and Its Implementation  WU Lei, SHI Min Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (5): 22-36.   Abstract （106）            Knowledge map    Save In the new era of development, grassroots governance and community forms have experienced significant changes. Playing a leading role in addressing competence deficiency and resource integration shortage that diverse governance entities have been faced in tackling community issues, Party building has become a key way to effective grassroots governance in uncertain contexts. An analysis of a typical case of elevator installing in Q Street of S City reveals that those challenges in grassroots governance which cross different levels, departments, blocks, and boundaries are more likely to become the focus of Party building leadership. Party building leadership is effective in using governance tools to address governance issues with effectiveness, thus ultimately forming a logic of“generative governance”, which goes beyond the“State- society”binary opposition in traditional grassroots governance. Generative governance regards the generation of governance problems, paths and effectiveness as governance scenarios different from the“preforming”ones, and pays more attention to subjectivity, process and creativity. It attends to the continuity and accumulation of Party building leadership in different stages of grassroots governance, and emphasizes the generation process and relationship between governance entities in grassroots governance, thus achieving an effective integration of Party governance and Party service functions. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Course, Teaching and Research Section, and Discipline:  The Evolution of Literature and Art Studies in China  ZHU Guohua Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (5): 68-88.   Abstract （96）            Knowledge map    Save It is essential to have a critical analysis of the history of the disciplinary construction of literature and art. The construction process can be divided into three stages judging from the occurrence and ways of operation of teaching and research sections. During the period of the Republic of China, teaching and research sections were nonexistent, and the fragile subject of literature and art was not regarded as an independent discipline, but as a course or a textbook. As to this first stage, the composition of the ideological resources of the textbooks of literature and art and the nature of the course are analyzed. The second stage consists in the first three decades following the founding of the new China in 1949, during which the teaching and research sections came into being, and literature and art was perceived as a leading field in literary studies. For this part, the shaping influence of political factors on the institutionalization of literature and art studies is discussed, as well as the efforts made by the theorists on literature and art to preserve knowledge value under the leadership of Zhou Yang and others. The final stage refers to the forty plus years since China’s reform and opening up in 1978. During this period, the domination of administrative order was ended; a considerable autonomy of the subject of literature and art was gained thanks to the operations of teaching and research section and disciplinary development; but soon as the subject as a basic introductory course evolved into an advanced discipline, it was also confronted with an internal academic crisis, i. e., the challenges accompanying its transformation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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YANG Xiaolin Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (5): 57-67.   Abstract （119）            Knowledge map    Save Hayao Miyazaki’s“historical view of civilization reincarnation”carries forward historian Spengler’s“historical pessimism”and Toynbee’s“historical view of cultural forms”, even reaching a higher level. Miyazaki adopts a techno-critical view of history, which is similar to that of scientist Albert Einstein and that embraced by such thinkers and philosophers as Marx, Engels, Heidegger and Habermas. He believes that high-tech warfare is the driving force and culprit of the destruction of human beings and civilization reincarnation. The“heroic view of history”he holds, is in line with that of historians Toynbee and Liang Qichao, “great man view of history”held by Carlyle, and“Superman view of history”held by Nietzsche, a great thinker. Abandoning commercial animation, Miyazaki produces animation from the perspective of a historian and thinker. His makes his thoughts into films attempting to wake up, warn and save the world by hewing out a most difficult and challenging new path, which puts him on a par with great thinkers of our time. It is of great significance for Chinese historical view of science and technology, of heroes, and of civilization as well as Chinese creation of ecological animation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Genre Film Studies in the Era of Media and Technology: Review and  Commentary on Thomas Elsaesser’s Mind-Game Film Research  GUI Lin Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (5): 46-56.   Abstract （115）            Knowledge map    Save Since the 21st century, the issue of media and technology has become increasingly prominent in the film theory research on the whole, leading to constant research transformation, as is evident in the research of genre films. Film theorist Thomas Elsaesser published three papers on“Mind-Game Film”, viewing it as a new genre closely related to media and technology. His research is not only a full consideration of the impact of media and technology as a new powerful discourse on genre film research, thus an active move to seek new research directions, but also an indication of his adherence to the classical approach to Western genre film studies, which is a defining feature of his research. Media and technology as a powerful discourse has been the status quo faced by many humanities researchers since the new century, and the current discussions on Metaverse have pushed this trend to a climax. The humanities community as a whole tend to further emphasize and exaggerate the power of media and technology. However, Elsaesser chooses to combine the tradition and the new trend through the research of“Mind-Game Film”, which is an inspiration to other humanities researchers under the influence of media and technology.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Demonstration Mechanism: A Path for the Overall Mobilization in  Grassroots Legal Construction  ZHAO Wenpin, WAN Zhibin Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (5): 11-21.   Abstract （107）            Knowledge map    Save The realization of top-level design of legal construction relies on effective implementation at grassroots levels, which means all members should be mobilized in grassroots legal construction, and systematic actions should be taken in terms of subject mobilization, content coverage and action continuity. As an overall mobilization path to the advancement of grassroots legal construction, demonstration mechanism can achieve full participation of all members, full coverage of legal contents, and whole process embodiment of legal thinking and legal approaches in grassroots legal construction. Demonstration mechanism can effectively improve the overall grassroots governance in accordance with law in the three dimensions of subject mobilization, content coverage and process continuity, advance simultaneously State governance, legal enforcement and administration exercise in accordance with the law, and promote the integrated construction of State, governments and society under the rule of law. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Construction of Shanghai Digital Trade Rule System: Characteristics, Deficiencies and Countermeasures YIN Feng, DANG Xiuyu Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (4): 98-110.   Abstract （139）            Knowledge map    Save     Based on the clauses listed in the TAPED database, this paper constructs a framework of digital trade rules. Using the text research method to compare and analyze the relevant policy documents implemented in Shanghai during the period of“14th Five-Year Plan”, the paper further analyzes the realistic dilemma faced by Shanghai when applying the digital trade rules. The results show that the number and content depth of the provisions of Shanghai’s digital trade rules are increasing, and what is particularly noteworthy is that a myriad of beneficial practices and cases have been collected in the field of digital trade facilitation and cooperation. However, there are still deficiencies in some controversial issues that require high standards, such as response to digital trade barriers, digital trade business environment, government obligations, digital trade regulation. The inconsistency of digital trade rules, the lack of self-oriented digital trade rules, and the deficiency of digital governance system in China, have become the factors restricting Shanghai’s catch-up with high-standard digital trade rules. Therefore, Shanghai needs to take forceful measures including establishing and improving the cross-border data flow management system, taking the initiative to align itself with high-standard digital trade rules, enhancing consumer confidence, accelerating the opening of government data, and strengthening international exchanges and cooperation, in order to promote the aligning process and accumulate experience of “China solutions”to the establishment of digital trade rules. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Unnatural Narrative: An Uncertain Existence QIAO Guoqiang Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (4): 66-77.   Abstract （116）            Knowledge map    Save     Jan Alber is one of the important western“unnatural narrative”theorists. Taking the “unnatural”concept in unnatural narrative as the starting point, an analysis of the normative nature of a concept category reveals some defects in the concept of unnatural narrative. In the construction of a new concept, narratologists should not just put together some concepts and terms on different levels and in different meanings. A concept or theory can have its own characteristics and value setting, but the premise is that the theoretical construction must have a clear set of connotation and extension, and should not employ a method of generalizing to another term casually, and make it an“uncertain”existence. Scholars concerned also have different views on the concept of unnatural narrative, with some of them even opposing it, which also indicates from the other side that the concept lacks a proper consensus.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (4): 54-65.   Abstract （79）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Digital Government and Corporate Financialization —Evidenced from the Big Data Administration Bureau Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (4): 128-140.   Abstract （74）            Knowledge map    Save Theoretically, the Big Data Management Bureau is established to gather information from all aspects at all levels so as to accurately send relevant external environmental conditions and policy analysis to enterprises concerned in the hope of helping them quickly understand changes in the external environments and make corresponding asset allocation adjustments. This paper takes the A-share listed companies during the years from 2013 to 2021 as the research sample, and makes an empirical analysis of the impact of the big data administration on the financialization of corporate asset allocation, using the difference-in-differences model. The study finds that the establishment of the Big Data Administration Bureau significantly reduced enterprises’ proportion of financial asset allocation and increased their proportion of fixed asset allocation. Mechanism analysis shows that the establishment of the Big Data Administration Bureau reduced the growth rate of enterprises’inventory and increased their scale of bank loans. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the influence of the Big Data Administration was more obvious on private enterprises, small-scale enterprises, and enterprises whose CEO had a certain academic background. The results reveal the internal mechanism of government service transformation and its economic impact on enterprises under the digital economy, providing empirical evidence for the government to rationally plan the direction of digital public services. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Predicaments of Western Narratology When Applied to Chinese Traditional Fictions JIANG Shouyi Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (4): 88-97.   Abstract （90）            Knowledge map    Save     Given the textual paths it relies on, western narratology can hardly explain Chinese traditional fictions in terms of narrative complexity, plots, uniqueness of characters, certain narrative patterns and logic, and narrative gap. Moreover, its theoretical construction in implied author, narrative reliability, narrative perspective, and semantics’square array, fails to explain Chinese traditional fictions effectively. In addition, its narrative critique on concrete works cannot contain the multiple dimensional commentary on Chinese traditional fictions as well. Therefore, western narratology presents many predicaments when applied to Chinese traditional fictions. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Financial Development and Occupation Choice —A Study Based on Risk Aversion Motivation JIN Hongfei, CHEN Yingying, SHAO Junyao Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (4): 111-127.   Abstract （88）            Knowledge map    Save     An occupational choice model is constructed to explore the influence of financial development on personal occupation choice, and inferences gained from the theoretical model are further verified against the data of Chinese Household Finance Survey (CHFS) of Southwestern University of Finance and Economics. The results show that the higher the level of financial development, the lower the probability of individuals choosing stable occupation. Such an effect can be attributed to personal risk aversion motivation. This conclusion persisted after a series of endogeneity discussions and robustness tests. Further research shows that the impact of financial development on stable occupation choice is more significant for households with medium assets than for those with small or large assets. This study supplements the research on the relationship between financial development and occupation choice and the motivation of occupation choice, and provides inspiration on how to mobilize individual job-hunting vitality in a practical sense. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）