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    Literary Narration of the Immunity Paradigms in Bio-Politics
    WANG Jie
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 130-140.  
    Abstract5991)            Save
    Whether it is the negative bio-politics since “the social contract” theory of Hobbes, or the affirmative bio-politics advocated by political philosophers after Foucault, all could be found in the plague narrative of western literature. What is more meaningful lies in the literary works to conceive a heterogeneous bio-community in accordance with the dual logic of immunity paradigms in bio-politics and the dialectical relationship between semantic differences explored by Esposito. Literary works could vividly present the complexity, subtlety, openness and uncompleted tense of political discourse at stake. Based on the immunity logic and community concept of the bio-politics theory, the paper discusses the contradictions, crises and future prospects of modern bio-politics from the social and historical dimensions of literary research, expecting to bring about enlightenment and reference in constructing new orders for the community in post-epidemic era.

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    “Metaverse”: A Future Concept at the Initial #br# Stage of Its Basic Technology
    JIAN Shengyu
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 1-16.  
    Abstract6253)            Save
     “Metaverse” is an inevitable product of the development of virtual reality technology. Humans need to build the “Embodied Internet”, so that the full-simulation of digital transformation in various fields can be achieved in a more integrated form. At present, despite being a future concept at the initial stage of its basic technology, “Metaverse” has demonstrated the necessity and feasibility of building the next-generation Internet. The basic infrastructures, relevant software technologies and application-side content production mechanism involved in “Metaverse” have already taken shape. The upgrading of virtual reality technology has brought human society unprecedented opportunities of transformation as well as potential risks. How to grasp the opportunities, meet the challenges and create new prospects are important targets of the times requiring prudent consideration.

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    A Chinese Approach to Currency Governance in the “Metaverse”
    YUAN Zeng
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 17-28.  
    Abstract6060)            Save
    “Metaverse” is a virtual digital space parallel to the physical world established under the conditions of new science and technologies. “Metaverse” differs from the traditional Internet in that its behaviors in the space have real connections with the real society. The value exchange provided by currency is an important logical basis to provide cross-space connections. Currently, digital tokens issued for data platform enterprises to settle transactions in the “metaverse” have certain monetary functions such as price identification, payment and settlement, but due to the decentralized issuers and lack of national credit endorsement, digital tokens always face insurmountable defects such as unstable value, inability to regulate and limited scale. Digital Currency Electronic Payment (DCEP), the digital form of RMB, is backed by Chinese national credit, advantageous in advanced digital technology and data market, credible for its recognition and protection of data rights and interests and in line with the currency governance of the metaverse. To determine the standards of currency governance in the metaverse, it is necessary for China to actively participate in international cooperation, to carry out bilateral and multilateral cooperation on digital currency governance in the form of soft law, and to clarify key compliance standards such as supervision and data protection in the issuance and circulation of DCEP. By strengthening the restrictions on the power of the data platform, we can gradually modernize the DCEP governance system and capacity, so as to seize the commanding heights of the “metaverse ”economic development.

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    “Bodies-in-Space” as Symbols:  Rural-Old-Fathers as “a Mob of Illiterates”  in the 1980s’ Chinese Films from the Perspective of Visual Narrative
    YU Wanting
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 56-66.  
    Abstract6158)            Save
     In Chinese rural films many symbolic rural-old-father images were created to elaborate various rural social relationships, human-land and rural-urban relationships. In the 1980s’ films, rural-old-father images departed from the wise-old-man cultural archetype, changing from heroes of revolution and construction to backward, conservative and need-to-be-enlightened “illiterates”. The symbolic images were made more prominent as the visual narrative was enhanced while language narrative was decreased. As the center of the images of rural-old-fathers, “bodies-in-space” reflected various human-environment contrastive relationships, extending to gender, class, individual/collective, public/private dimensions. Three types of images were portrayed as starting points of analysis: bitter portraits, “bodies-in-workspace”, and “bodies-in-interpersonal space”. Different from Chinese visual tradition, portraits of rural fathers shared such features as large areas of shadow, silence and hidden facial expressions. “Bodies-in-workspace” were images emphasizing bodies in work, while ignoring individual subjectivity. “Bodies-in-interpersonal space” placed “father-son”relationship in a reversed “up-down” spatial one, depicting the rural old fathers as onlookers without discourse power in the opposite position who needed to be enlightened by their sons. “Bodies in space” as symbols facilitated the portrayal of “rural old fathers” as a mob of illiterates, visualizing relevant culture, experience, ideologies and values into the narrative of enlightenment, and as “silent work machines” who contributed to demarcation of the rural-urban boundaries, thus setting examples for cultural geography on the screen. 

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    The Genre Film as the Synthesis of Synchronic System and Diachronic Process—Investigating the Formation of the Classical Research Approach to Western Genre Films
    GUI Lin
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 45-55.  
    Abstract6168)            Save
    The study of Western genre films started after World War II, pioneered by Bazin who initiated the research of the genre of American westerns. In the 1970s, Thomas Schatz took genre only as a synchronic system, leading to predicaments. After the 1980s, an integrated approach came into being, upholding that genre films must be regarded as the synthesis of synchronic system and diachronic process. In the late 1990s, Film/Genre by Rick Altman and Hollywood Genres by Steve Neale were almost published at the same time, signifying the maturity of the integrated approach. Up till now, the two representative works have still been the most frequently cited books in the study of Western genre films, indicating that it is the classical approach to studying Western genre films from the dual perspectives of synchronic system and diachronic process. Its formation process is a clearer and more profound choice for western researchers to understand genre film as a complex research object, which can also shed light on China’s genre film research. In the current era of intertwining factors of literature, arts, commerce, science, technology and media, the genre film research has still much room to expand.

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    Dilemma in Urban Community Governance: Unbalanced Rights and Obligations #br# —Reflection on a Field Investigation of Shanghai Communities
    YU Zucheng HUANG Jiachen
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2021, 38 (5): 56-67.  
    Abstract261)            Save
     The relationship between rights and obligations is an important perspective to examine the construction and conservation of human society. Viewing urban community governance from this perspective, we may easily find that both the notion of “the People’s City” and the goal of building a social governance community are identified with the concept of “residents’ obligations preceding residents’ rights ”. Given the dilemma of urban community governance that “while China’s urban residents are enjoying increasing services (rights) in communities, their due responsibilities and obligations as community masters are continuously degrading, even disappearing”, the critical approach to this problem lies in constructing a community governance mode in which residents’ rights and obligations are comparatively balanced. Based on a field investigation in communities of Shanghai and using the mobile observation method and fixed-point observation method, we find that over-administration of the neighborhood committees, low-level operation of residents’ self-governance and weakening sense of community are the leading causes of residents’ unbalanced rights and obligations. In the future, sustainable development of Chinese urban community governance shall not only rely on appropriate intervention and policy support from government bodies, but also on residents’ self-governance combining both responsibilities and obligations and on the building of a governance community where “everyone is responsible, conscientious and rewarded”.


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    Globalization, East-West Dialogue and the Intelligible Community  —From the Perspective of Fran?ois Jullien’s De  l’universel
    WU You
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 117-129.  
    Abstract6048)            Save
    With the intensification of global interconnectedness, the world today is featured by a tendency involving both multi-cultural hybridization and the clash of civilizations, leading to a global field with increasing tension. In the age of global mélange, homogenization has established itself as a major force blocking and even burying cultural diversities, whereas the clash of civilizations generated by Western universalism, in the meantime, has become the greatest threat jeopardizing global stability. Fran?ois Jullien elaborates in De l’universel on the three core concepts of the universal (l’universel), the uniform (l’uniforme) and the common (le commun) and their relationships. He criticizes the rigid and stereotyped uniform and hegemonic universalism while advocating “the common” based on the doctrine of “the divergence of thoughts and the dialogism of the mind” which is the ideal direction for the multicultural coexistence and progress. Based on this, he upholds the dialogic construction based upon intelligibility and communicability between cultures. Jullien’s philosophical ideas have provided us with many inspirations. Cultural communication between China and the West should shift from the one-way borrowing model in modern history to the two-way exchange model today and both sides should learn from each other’s “impensé” to set off its weaknesses. The similar strategy could also be applied to reexamine the Chinese culture and affairs from outside (dehors) in today’s globalized and contextualized world, with an ambition to reconstruct Chinese cultural discourse and achieve “common” cultural ideals through the approach of dialogism.

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    Narrative Dilemma of New Female Images in Domestic Animated Films
    SONG Yu
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 67-81.  
    Abstract6150)            Save
     Influenced by feminist thoughts and cultural consumption market, the female images in domestic animated films have begun to change. In recent years, a number of animated films with women as narrative subjects have been released one after another, trying to create new female images that reflect the aesthetics of the times by subverting the traditional stereotypes and catering to the market female topics in the swim. However, an in-depth examination reveals that the female images in these films have not broken away from the traditional male discourse system, and the established gender stereotypes still exist. Hence it is still a long way to go for Chinese animation filmmakers to build a broader gender discourse system in the context of globalization, to explore new aesthetics of gender narrative that meets the needs of the times, and to create female images with both personality charisma and aesthetic tension.

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    Judicial Blockchain: Values, Goals and Approaches to Realization
    HAN Xuzhi
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 29-44.  
    Abstract6096)            Save
     Judicial blockchain, a new type of trust mechanism, has shown unique value in promoting “governance at the source of litigation”, improving trial efficiency, realizing judicial convenience, deepening judicial openness and strengthening supervision and management. As an important link of “smart justice”, judicial blockchain must inherit the humanistic foundation of traditional justice, adhere to the essential attributes of justice and take the realization of digital justice as its goal. Examining the application scenarios of judicial blockchain from the three dimensions of application value, construction goal and necessity, we can find its problems and risks, such as system security risk, possible new litigation burden, “duplication of construction” and “disconnection between construction and use” to a certain extent. Moreover, some application scenarios are not conducive to rights protection; it may conflict with the attribute of passive neutrality of justice; and some applications can be replaced by other trust mechanisms. Only by adhering to the decentralized and open architecture design, focusing on the protection of human rights, regulating and limiting the multi-dimensional applications of judicial blockchain, and aiming at the benign synergy between judicial blockchain and other trust mechanisms, can we finally realize the values and goals of judicial blockchain.

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    Overcapacity, State Regulation and Inefficient Investment —Empirical Evidence from A-Share Listed Companies
    YAN Endian, HOU Minghui, LI Lu
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 98-116.  
    Abstract6028)            Save
    Taking A-Share listed companies as research samples, this paper constructs overcapacity variables according to the list of backward enterprises with overcapacity in different industries published by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology from 2009 to 2015. The double difference model is employed to investigate the impact of industrial policies on the investment efficiency of the enterprises with overcapacity. It is found that industrial policies have a regulatory effect on the investment efficiency of the enterprises with overcapacity. Further analysis shows that the regulatory effect is more significant on the non-state-owned enterprises, government-business irrelevant enterprises, and enterprises with high concentration of equity. As to the robustness, industrial policy mainly affects investment efficiency through government subsidies and mergers and acquisitions, and the research conclusion is still robust if the explained variable is replaced. The study not only helps us better understand the problem of enterprise overcapacity under the “new normal” of China’s economy and explore the mechanism restricting the investment efficiency of enterprises, but also provides theoretical basis for policy-making in overcapacity cutting, supply-side reform and economic transformation.


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    Will “All-rounder” Employees Turn Out to Be “Idlers”?#br# —The Influence of Polychronicity on Time Banditry Behavior#br# #br#
    HU Xiaolong, MA An’ni
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2021, 38 (5): 110-122.  
    Abstract322)            Save
     Based on conservation of resources theory and cognitive evaluation theory of stress, the influence of polychronicity on employees’ time banditry behavior is discussed and the moderating effect of challenge stressor appraisal and hindrance stressor appraisal is explored. Through the analysis of 323 valid samples, the results show polychronicity has a positive impact on employees’ time banditry behavior; perceived overqualification partially mediates the relationship between polychronicity and time banditry behavior; the relationship between perceived overqualification and time banditry behavior is respectively moderated by challenge stressor appraisal and hindrance stressor appraisal negatively and positively; and the mediating effect of polychronicity on employees’ time banditry behavior is negatively moderated by the challenge stressor appraisal and positively moderated by the hindrance stressor appraisal. 

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    Film and the Wagnerian Aspiration —Thoughts on Sound Design and the History of the Senses
    James Lastra , HE Shuangzi(translator), ZHANG Ling (proofreader)
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (1): 45-57.  
    Abstract840)            Save
    In the American film Apocalypse Now , the emergence of sound design as a practice and stereo surround sound as a technology signals the reawakening of Wagnerian aspiration. This resolutely audio-visual film is not only a landmark in modern sound design, but also a sustained reflection on the meaning of technology, spectacle and politics of sensory experience. The author traces the history of sensory experience and sound design: in the 19th century, sensory technologies became the central component of the collective apparatus perception, which allowed the human sensorium to encounter with technological modernity; in 1915, Edison’s series of “Tone Tests” witnessed the fundamental transformative phonograph as opposed to live performance; in 1958, Culshaw’s recording of Wagner’s Das Rhineland severed the finished representation from any real “original” performance, which restored the ability for sensory experience; In 1979, the film Apocalypse Now severed sound representation from a documentary function, replacing the world of actual human experience with prosthetic sensory experience, which eventually promoted the critique of “anesthetic impulse”.
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    The Effect of the Depth of FTAs on Domestic Value-Added Exports
    ZHAO Jinlong, ZHANG Runqi
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 82-97.  
    Abstract6186)            Save
    Over the past three decades, the rapid development of global value chains and free trade agreements (FTAs) have become two new features of international trade. The deep FTAs which aim at strengthening “trade policy coordination” among members have gone beyond WTO authorization and exerted a profound influence on value-added trade driven by global value chains. Empirical analysis shows that the depth of FTAs has significant positive effects on both the total trade and value-added trade among member countries. Secondly, FTAs not only enhance the export levels of simple and complex global value-chain trade, but promote value-added export of each sub-items to various degrees. Further study shows gaps in economic levels among FTA members and FTA structures can lead to heterogeneous effects on domestic value added exports. Besides, from the perspective of FTA contents, WTO-X clauses have more important effects on members’ domestic value-added exports.

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    China’s Smart Elderly Care Policy Based on Content Analysis#br# #br#
    YANG Lianxiu, HU Kongyu
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2021, 38 (4): 118-127.  
    Abstract279)            Save
     Since the 13th Five-Year Plan, China’s elderly care services have made all-round progress. However, the “digital divide” between the ever-changing technological innovation and the continuous growth of the aging population is widening. In view of this, we focus on the “digital divide” by taking the Implementation Plan for Practically Solving the Difficulties of the Elderly in Using Intelligent Technology as the sample for analysis, adopting the content analysis method and setting policy tools and the varying needs of the elderly as the analysis dimensions. The results show quantitative differences in the distribution of policy tools, differentiation in specific combinations and matching and imbalanced proportion of meeting the needs of the elderly, which deviates from meeting the lower levels of needs from higher levels. Therefore, future policies should adjust the structure of policy tools and optimize their detailed distribution so as to meet the elderly needs of different levels.

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    Regulatory Construction of the Crime of Collecting Illegal Debts in the Context of Field-based Legislation
    WANG Peng
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (1): 91-104.  
    Abstract1110)            Save
     One of the major features of Amendment (XI) to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China is making targeted legislation on the harmful attributes of various criminal acts in collecting illegal debts. The crime of collecting illegal debts introduced in this revision has the following problems: lack of stereotyped classification of the crime behaviors, confusion in dealing with concurrent relationships with other crimes such as illegal detention, vague definition of illegal debt and conceptual overlapping with other judicial terms like trap loans in the crackdown on gang crimes. All these problems prevent the recognition of key elements and hinder the impunity mechanism. Based on the field characteristics of “collecting illegal debts through illegal means”, this paper clarifies the legal interests of protection against the crime of collecting illegal debts and the key elements constituting the crime from a substantive interpretation. In terms of crime congruence and cooperation, the crime of collecting illegal debts and other crimes like the crime of trespassing on other people’s residence constitute various relationships such as a complementary relationship, an alternative relationship or a combined complementary and alternative relationship. The regulation of collecting illegal debts is not only applicable to usury cases, but also to cases related to the crackdown on the gang crimes like fraud loans and soft violence.

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    Is the Real Really So Important?#br# —Reflection on Zizek’s Film Criticism#br#
    CHEN Linxia
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (1): 42-53.  
    Abstract1115)            Save
     As Lacan’s “contemporary successor”, Zizek, in the face of a more stable capitalist ideology, made strong criticism with a force of negation based on Lacan’s later theory of the subject as the Real. In Zizek’s film criticism we can find various terminologies referring to the Real (such as the object “a”, the Thing and symptom), which not only mark the profundity of film texts, but also indicate unique logic and way of thinking. Zizek advanced from Hegel’s external dialectics of mutual recognition of master and servant to Lacan’s internal negative dialectics, showing the power of his intellectual wits. However, as a narrative with complete structure, film has its own basic structure based on daily experience of causality. Profundity is not necessarily the only standard of film art, nor is the case that the deeper film criticisms reveal the the meaning of film texts, the better they become. In this sense, although the Real is of great significance to Lacan and Zizek’s theoretical researches, its importance to film and its criticism is worthy of reflection.

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    Generating New Characters of Silver Screen: #br# Reinterpreting Li Shuangshuang#br#
    ZHANG Bing
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2021, 38 (4): 50-64.  
    Abstract297)            Save
     Li Shuangshuang, the selfless, beautiful and candid heroine of the film Li Shuangshuang, became a representative of new characters produced during the initial socialist period of China. In the film, Li Shuangshuang’s political consciousness is spontaneously integrated into farmers’ daily life and works in coordination with folk justice and common senses. Thus, in generating such a new character, traditional moral ethics, emotional structures and life experience in rural areas all play an important part. Under the pen of the screenwriter Li Zhun, Li Shuangshuang is depicted as courageous to fight and “generous to forgive”, an ideal type with new socialist subjectivity. Xiwang, on the other hand, represents an image of most farmers in the agricultural cooperative movements. Through the storyline of “getting married first and then falling in love”, Xiwang gradually turns to be a subject more in line with the requirements of the agricultural cooperative movement. In the marriage with Xiwang, Shuangshuang is depicted as a more equal partner compared with a traditional wife image. In the generation of the new characters with socialist subjectivity, certain tensions between the screenwriter, director, and performers arise, so do dialogues and conflicts between Shanghai and Yan’an film style.

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    The Judgment of Taste and the Inevitable #br# Application of Its Four Moments#br# #br#
    LU Ka, CHENG Xiangzhan
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2021, 38 (4): 98-107.  
    Abstract205)            Save
    The general form of the Judgment of Taste is “something is beautiful”. This is a priori synthetic judgment, which lays foundation for Kant’s analytic and deduction of the Judgment of Taste. Why and whether it is necessary to use the Four Moments to analyze the Judgment of Taste is controversial. “The First Critique” can shed light, but the Judgment of Taste is different from logically determining judgments, thus not suitable to be treated as a judgment that occurs linguistically (whether spoken or not) either from the angle of practical experience or from the perspective of strict logic, nor suitable to be simply analyzed formally or semantically. Moreover, what Judgment of Taste really judges and asserts is not to declare something is beautiful. Rather, it is a general form of judgment abstracted from our reflection on the aesthetic appreciation activity itself and the representation of both the reflection and the concept of Judgment of Taste itself. Because the elements constituting this form of judgment represent the characteristics of all aspects of Judgment of Taste, what the Four Moments illustrate are the characteristics of the Judgment of Taste. The Four Moments of Judgment of Taste are to take the appreciation activity itself as the cognitive object and analyze its concept, from which we can see the application of the Four Moments is inevitable.


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    Reviewing EVFTA in the Perspective of EU Highlighting Relationship with ASEAN and Its Implications for China#br# #br#
    SONG Xixiang, SUN Qiqi
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2021, 38 (4): 65-84.  
    Abstract261)            Save
    The EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) came into effect on August 1st, 2020. EVFTA covers dozens of topics with a series of new and high-standard international economic and trade investment rules, following a Pan-European FTA text model, creatively adopting Pan-European “three-track” rules of origin, further reforming the “P-G” and “G-G” dispute resolution mechanism, etc.. In contrast, China is gradually establishing a global-oriented FTA system in a holistic and comprehensive direction and confronted with such problems as more generalized or simplified rules, more conservative and traditional text clauses, and lack of creativity or breakthroughs in system design when signing bilateral FTA with other countries. At this stage, it is essential to refer to and learn from the useful experience and reasonable components of EVFTA, meanwhile integrating with the experience of China’s FTA development in the past 20 years. It is essential to implement precise policies on FTA under different levels of economic development, flexibly choose the “dual-track” certificates of origin, to improve the legal system of labor protection, establish an environment and trade coordination mechanism as well as a dispute resolution mechanism based on “soft law”, and actively promote the construction of a high-standard Chinese FTA network system so as to effectively promote the “Belt and Road” international cooperation and actively participate in the formulation and guidance of international economic and trade investment rules. It is time to link closely with the latest comprehensive and high-standard international economic and trade rules, strengthen the rational layout of network development and design strategies in global, regional and bilateral free trade zones, ensure a stable and flexible FTA “paradigm” so as to promote the construction of free trade zones. In so doing, we may confront the challenges from current international trade and investment with a more mature Chinese free trade zone system.

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    The Actor Network of Trans-boundary Public Crisis Governance:A New Interpretative Framework
    ZHANG Yulei
    Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2023, 40 (1): 74-92.  
    Abstract833)            Save
    The complexity of trans-boundary public crises determines the need to construct an actor network for effective governance, and the Actor Network theory provides a new interpretive framework for it. The multiple actors in the actor network of trans-boundary public crisis governance have different roles: the government as the ultimate undertaker of responsibility, the army as the vanguard in the response to catastrophe, enterprises as providers of emergency products, social organizations as important supplementary forces and citizens as key supporters. At the same time, the multiple actors have different action logic in the actor network of trans-boundary public crisis governance: the government is driven by responsibility and achievements, the army by cooperation under the military-civilian parallel relationship, the enterprises by social responsibility under the profit-seeking orientation, social organizations as self-organizing mechanisms by public value, and citizens by rational and public spirit of “economic man”. Different action logic of multiple actors results in different interactive relationships, mainly between the central government and local governments, between local governments and enterprises, between local governments and social organizations, and between local governments and citizens, social subjects and citizens. Following the general law of actor network construction, we propose specific strategies for actor network construction of cross-border public crisis governance in accordance with different stages of translation: setting up common goals at the stage of problem emergence, establishing interest coordination mechanism at the stage of interest assignment, and forming a community of responsibility at the stage of recruitment and mobilization.
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