Table of Content

15 May 2017, Volume 34 Issue 3

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 Revisiting the Stratum of Entrepreneurs

2017, 34(3):  1-15. 

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Entrepreneurs are important participants in the market economic activities. The essence of entrepreneurial “traits” needs to be redefined in the current context of social and economic development. As a superintendent who founded the enterprise and runs and manages it as well, an entrepreneur must possess unique traits of “innovation”, “moral integrity”, “compound economic man” and “integration competence”, which are important marks of an entrepreneur in the new era. In China, the whole stratum of entrepreneurs as scarce and precious social resources bears an important mission in the reform, opening up, innovation and development. Given that nowadays entrepreneurs are still bothered by “expectation” and “confidence”, it is of great significance to further foster the entrepreneurial stratum and “inspire and protect the entrepreneurial spirit” in particular. In view of this, six strategies are proposed including raising social respect for the entrepreneurial stratum, effectively protecting the entrepreneur's property rights, earnings from innovation and other legitimate rights and interests, and establishing the “double mechanism” of social fault tolerance and entrepreneur selfcorrection, so as to stabilize entrepreneurs’ social expectation and promote their healthy development as a stratum. 

Annual Report on China’s Judicial Reform (2016)

2017, 34(3):  16-40. 

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 China’s nationalsupervision system initiated pilot projects as a breakthrough of reformin 2016. The courts andprocuratorates have carried forward the reform of the working mechanisms of the judicial system pivoting on four fundamental reforms. The administrative agencies in the judicial system have made continuous effort in strengthening the management and control of attorneys and the improvement of the community correction system, focusing onthe reform of lawyers system and the legislation of community correction. However, due to adverse effects from the existing political system and barriers from the vested interests in the judicial system, this round of judicial reform has failed to yield satisfying results. In the face of all these adversities, reform of lawyers system should be taken as a point of breakthrough as lawyers play important roles in the construction of democracy and rule of law and in the judicial reforms. A sound lawyers system contributes to efficient rule of law.

 

Legal Thinking on China’s Judicial Assistance in International Civil and Commercial Affairs in the Perspective of the Belt and Road Initiative

2017, 34(3):  41-59. 

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 China’sBelt and Road Initiative is an epochmaking strategy in response to profound global changes,aiming at coordinating the international and domestic situation. As an inevitable result of “going out” economic strategy, the initiative also demonstrates China's growing international influence and willingness to bear more international responsibility as a great nation. The cobuilding of the Initiative requires China to efficiently conduct judicial assistance in international civil and commercial affairs. At present, the principle of substantial connection in China is too narrow; the scope of exclusive jurisdiction is relatively broad; it is partial to our own partieswhen dealing with parallel proceedings; the longestablished “factual reciprocity” and existing bilateral judicial assistance treaties have obviously failed to meet practical needs.Therefore, given the background of the Belt and Road Initiative and the reality of China’s present legislative and judicial safeguard, China should optimize and perfect relevant judicial system, establish judicial concepts in accordance with a great nation,actively dilute the concept of judicial sovereignty and reduce the scope of exclusive jurisdiction. Meanwhile, China should draw lessons from the advanced practices at home and broad, establish a global strategy with open mind, value the participation in making international rules and consolidate the international political basis of the Initiative so as to elevate the international influence and public trust of China’s judicature.
 

A Debate on the Concept，Origin and Development of “Chineselanguage Cinema”：An Interview with Professor  Lu xiaopeng

2017, 34(3):  60-71. 

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“Chineselanguage cinema” does not originate from Hong Kong/Taiwanese scholarship of the 1990s, but it can be tracked to Chinese books and periodicals in Singapore and Malaya in the 1950s. It was a concept produced   by Chinese people in Singapore and Malaya at around the time of independence in search of an autonomous cinema discourse for Chinese people. In the 1950s and 1960s, the term “Chineselanguage cinema” was already in wide use among local Singaporean and Malayan directors and in the media. A Singaporean Chinese director of the time, Yi Shui, was making “Chinese language films” containing Mandarin and Chinese dialects. Around this time, Yi Shui was also writing articles on Chineselanguage cinema in periodicals in Singapore and Malaya, which sparked much debate in and response from society. A short time later, he published a collection of these essays and debates. The context in which the term “Chineselanguage cinema” was used at the time in Singapore and Malaya was very similar to its usage today: as a plural concept, including films in Chinese from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and other Chinese areas as well as films in all Chinese dialects. The term’s promotion of “multiple Chinese languages” in mid20th century Singapore and Malaya was the herald of Professor Sheldon H. Lu and Emilie Yeh’s promotion of “Chineselanguage cinema” in the 21st century. This not only deepens our understanding of the formation of the contemporary concept of “Chineselanguage cinema”, giving it a historical dimension, but also has great significance in the debate over the concept of “Chineselanguage cinema” by showing that it is neither “UScentrism” nor “Chinacentrism”.
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The Reorganization of China's Genre Films under the Current Situation and Misplacement of Value Orientations

2017, 34(3):  72-80. 

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 As film industrialization proceeds under the current situation, in response to the multiple needs from the market, “new” genre films spring up stemming from the reorganization or transformation from previous types, and occupy the market in a “swift” manner. However, new problems often accompany with the advent of new things. The article starts from the temporal, spatial and cultural contexts in which the reorganization of China’s genre films take place, further analyzes and reflects on the problems that have occurred in the process of reorganization, and meanwhile presents the author’s personal reflections on how to coordinate commercial profit, cultural significance and aesthetic taste in the process of reorganization so as to respond to the increasingly fierce market challenges, as well as on how to ward off foreign cultural assault headed by Hollywood movies.

“Family” in The Book of Songs: Xing Lu and the Establishment of South#br#  Shen in Western Zhou Dynasty: A Perspective of Marital Affairs#br#  of Migrants and Familial Forms

2017, 34(3):  81-92. 

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(School of Chinese Language and Literature, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China)Abstract： The word “family” in The Book of Songs: Xing Lu is the key to the understanding of the poem. The “family” mentioned in the poem by the man and the woman actually refers to two different levels: the marital “family” and the “family” of blood ties. The marital “family” was the grounds on which the man’s prosecution was based. Hence, it can be inferred that the man and the woman were engaged, but the woman later refused to meet the commitment; the “family” of blood ties was the basis of the woman’s refutation, hinting that the man might be a migrant who left his hometown and engaged with the local woman. If this was the case, it would match with the southward migration of the State of Shen during King Xuan’s reign in Western Zhou Dynasty. What the poem portrays is a litigation caused by the break of an engagement between a migrant man and an indigenous woman, which is in effect, a marital problem of migrants driven by southern land strategy adopted by the monarch of Western Zhou. The interpretation of “family” reflects the changing trend that in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the marital family replaced the family of blood ties as the mainstream form of “family”.
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 #br# Conflicts and Fusion of Mongolian and Han Elements in the Ritual System of Yuan Dynasty: Centered on Jing Yan

2017, 34(3):  93-103. 

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 The Yuan Dynasty was headed by Mongolian rulers who inherited the basic form of Jing Yan (preaching of classics and history for the monarch) system adopted by previous monarch of the Central Plains. Through The Elaboration of Great Learning and The Book of Filial Piety and other content in Han culture, Jing Yan explained to the Mongolian rulers the role and significance of the civilization of rites and music. However, due to the lack of Han culture and fear of loss of nomadic nationality, the Mongolian rulers still adhered to their own rites and customs, and their admiration for The Book of Filial Piety was confined to the interpretation of “filial piety” into “loyalty”. Meanwhile, the Mongolian rulers found it difficult to fuse into the Han ritual system drafted by Han officials. Consequently, the ritual system of the Yuan Dynasty throughout was distinctive of Mongolian dominance. 

Desire for Virtual Space:The Technological Imaginary in 1990s Media Art

2017, 34(3):  104-120. 

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This article discusses technological and discursive developments in the interdisciplinary historical trajectory of theory and practice of digital cultures in the 1990s, specifically around the notion of virtuality and the transition to the paradigm of ubiquitous computing. However hazy, the ideas of ‘the virtual’ and of ‘virtuality’ were central structuring concepts for 1990s media art theory and practice. It is argued here that the concept of ‘the virtual’ was the product of an incomplete and rapidly changing technological constellation. The problematics of ‘the virtual’ were intensified by an incomplete technological understanding among many of the first generation of artists and theorists in digital cultural practices. A general longterm and largely uninterrogated commitment to Cartesian Dualism complemented these shortcomings to produce a heady and confusing discursive mix. Through this period, problems around humancomputer interaction (HCI) are shown to be persistent, and attributable in part to the prevailing cognitivist paradigm (part of the uninterrogated philosophical baggage) and its influence both on technological development per se and the rhetorics surrounding it. It is argued that media arts research, as a hybrid of traditional embodied arts sensibilities and the abstractions of computing, was uniquely positioned to identify these problems and model solutions, and did so generally in advance of academic and commercial sectors.
 

InBetween State and Society: A Study of the Dual Governance Mechanism of Trade Unions

2017, 34(3):  121-133. 

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(School of Marxism, Fudan University，Shanghai 200433, China)Abstract： Trade union, an important organizational form of modern society, plays an essential part in participating State and social governance. Trade unions have three major forms: social existence, State existence , and inbetween the two. In western developed capitalist countries, most trade unions participate in national politics as social forces in the field social governance. When China was still dominated by planned economy, a trade union, essentially as a form of State existence and a mass or group organization, played an important State role in State governance; Since 2011, trade unions have experienced their transformation into hubtype social organizations. During the transition, local trade unions in B city have changed their form from State existence to the inbetween State and social existence, thus acquiring a dual role in both State and social governance. The Federation of Trade Union in B city has conducted public welfare projects through institutional resources and public offering social resources to incubate social organizations and to serve flowing migrant workers. Trade unions serve both staff groups and nonstaff groups and become important forms of inbetween existence in dual State and social governance.

Cognitive Interpretation and Implications of Semantic Graphs

2017, 34(3):  134-140. 

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 Gunner Persson labels various graphs that linguists used to indicate their linguistic theories as “Graphic Metaphor”. From his metaphorical interpretation of “semantic triangle”, the nature of language and language studies can be found. It teaches us how to treat, in a proper or metaphorical way, the graphs of different linguistic theories, such as transformational generative grammar, systemicfunctional grammar, blending theory, etc.