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上海大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 1-14.

• •    下一篇

霍菲尔德权利理论视域下个人信息权的法理重构

  

  1. 同济大学 法学院
  • 出版日期:2025-01-15 发布日期:2025-01-24
  • 作者简介:黄锫，同济大学法学院教授、博士生导师，法学博士。研究方向：数字法学、人工智能法学。
  • 基金资助:

    国家社会科学基金一般项目（24BFX031）

    同济大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目（22120240574）

Reconstruction of Personal Information Rights from the Perspective of Hohfeld’s Theory of Rights

  1. Law School, Tongji University
  • Online:2025-01-15 Published:2025-01-24

摘要： 霍菲尔德权利理论经过中文语境转化后包含了八个基本法律概念，其中主张权、自由权、支配权、豁免权构成了广义上的权利概念；应为义务、禁为义务、服从义务、放任义务构成了广义上的义务概念。根据这一霍菲尔德权利理论，《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》中个人信息权的内在结构形态应包括三种类型，分别是信息主体享有的个人信息受保护权、私权处理者享有的个人信息处理权利和公权处理者享有的个人信息处理权力。这三种类型的个人信息权中的具体权利（力）内容虽有所不同，但都可以被霍菲尔德权利理论中的八个基本法律概念所解释。

关键词: 霍菲尔德权利理论, 个人信息权, 个人信息受保护权, 个人信息处理权利, 个人信息处理权力

Abstract: After being adapted to the Chinese legal context, Hohfeld’s theory of rights encompasses eight fundamental legal concepts. Among these, claim-rights, liberty-rights , power-rights, and immunity-rights constitute the broad concept of rights, while duty to act, duty to abstain, duty to obedience, and duty to laissez- faire constitute the broad concept of duties. Based on Hohfeld’s theory of rights, the internal structural forms of personal information rights under the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China can be categorized into three types: the right to personal information protection enjoyed by information subjects, the right to process personal information held by private processors, and the power to process personal information possessed by public processors. Although the specific content of the rights (or powers) within these three types of personal information rights differs, all of them can be explained through the eight fundamental legal concepts in Hohfeld’s theory of rights.

Key words: Hohfeld’s theory of rights, personal information rights, right to personal information protection, right to process personal information, power to process personal information

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