上海大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 58-73.

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多重场面调度:《猎手之夜》中的偶得声音在克拉尔《白昼月光》和戈达尔《电影史》中的运用

  

  1. 1.利物浦大学 音乐系,英国利物浦 L693BX; 2.北京大学 英语系,北京 100871; 3.纽约州立大学 电影与媒体研究学院,美国纽约 91776
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-20 出版日期:2023-01-15 发布日期:2023-01-15

Multiplying Mise-en-Scène: Found Sounds of The Night of the Hunter in Lewis Klahr’s Daylight Moon and Jean-Luc Godard’s Histoire(s) du cinéma

  1. 1. Department of Music, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L693BX, UK; 2. English Department, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; 3. School of Film and Media Studies, State University of New York, New York 91776, USA
  • Received:2022-01-20 Online:2023-01-15 Published:2023-01-15

摘要: 音乐是电影场面调度中的重要元素(“场面调度”指将观众带入电影世界的多重感官介面)。借鉴和发展米歇尔·穆赫雷(Michel Mourlet) “轮廓理论”(contour theory),来分析声音质地、震动和节奏等听觉元素如何产生与光、影、演员动作等为人熟知的视觉元素类似的影响。传统上,对音乐主题动机(leitmotif)的分析把旋律和孤立的影像符号相对应;然而在轮廓理论中,观者感受到的是连缀成线的场景调度元素,从而极大丰富了影像与情感之间的关系。为证明这一分析手法的有效性,特选取查尔斯·劳顿执导的《猎手之夜》及两部运用了该片视听材料的后作,即让-吕克·戈达尔的《电影史》与刘易斯·克拉尔的《白昼月光》。虽然《猎手之夜》作为故事片支持由主题动机切入的解读方式,但是它的配乐却像实验电影的声音一样拒绝简单直接的音画对应。轮廓理论通过分析音画叠加,使场面调度有了更多可能性。

关键词: 场面调度, 轮廓理论, 听觉元素, 影像与情感

Abstract: This essay situates music as a crucial catalyst in a film’s mise-en-scène (the multisensory interface that pulls spectators into films’ worlds). Developing a contour theory of mise-en-scène inspired by Cahiers du Cinéma critic Michel Mourlet, I track how sonic textures, vibrations, and rhythms have similarly palpable effects to the oft-cited visual elements of lights, shadows, and actors’ gestures. Whereas standard analyses of leitmotifs match melodies with single icons, contours multiply figurative and emotional associations as spectators see and hear the seams between mise-en-scène elements. To demonstrate this approach, I closely analyze The Night of the Hunter (Charles Laughton, 1955) and two films that appropriate its audio-visual material: Jean-Luc Godard’s Histoire(s) du cinéma (1998) and Lewis Klahr’s Daylight Moon (2002). While the former narrative film could be read through leitmotifs, its non-diegetic sounds thwart straightforward correlations, like the experimental films’ found sounds. A contour theory multiplies mise-en-scène with audio-visual superimpositions.

Key words: mise-en-scène, contour theory, audio elements, figurative and emotional association

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