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上海大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 128-139.

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论朱熹的道德批评及其在文学史上的影响——以朱熹对屈原与扬雄、陶渊明与王维的评价为例

  

  1. 华东师范大学 国际汉语文化学院，上海 200062
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-24 出版日期:2023-01-15 发布日期:2023-01-15

Zhu Xi’s Moral Criticism and Its Influence on the History of Literature— Based on Zhu Xi’s Evaluation of Qu Yuan versus Yang Xiong and Tao Yuanming versus Wang Wei

  1. School of International Chinese Studies, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Received:2021-12-24 Online:2023-01-15 Published:2023-01-15

摘要： 道德批评是朱熹文学批评的重要特征，其中对屈原与扬雄、陶渊明与王维两组著名作家的评判最为典型。他以“忠节”观念作为评价作家及其作品的首要准绳，一揄扬一贬斥，在文学批评史上产生了重要影响，甚至可以说在一定程度上奠定了这两组作家在中国文学史上各自的历史地位。朱熹的道德批评既有社会政治的影响，与其作为道学家的身份相关，也是他“道在文先”的观念在其文学批评中的显性反映。朱熹的道德批评至今仍有影响，值得我们充分重视。

关键词: 朱熹, 屈原, 扬雄, 陶渊明, 王维, 道德批评

Abstract: Moral criticism is an important feature of Zhu Xi’s literary criticism, among which his evaluation of famous writers Qu Yuan versus Yang Xiong, Tao Yuanming versus Wang Wei are typical examples. With the notion of “loyalty and integrity” as the primary criterion to evaluate writers and their works by eulogizing or denouncing, Zhu has a great influence on the history of literary criticism, and helps establish the historical roles of the two sets of writers in Chinese literature to some certain extents. Zhu’s moral criticism was not only influenced by the society and politics, but also associated with his identity as a Taoist, with his idea of “Tao prior to literature” explicitly embodied in his literary criticism. Zhu’s moral criticism, being influential even today, deserves our full attention.

Key words: Zhu Xi, Qu Yuan, Yang Xiong, Tao Yuanming, Wang Wei, moral criticism

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