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上海大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2011, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (4): 84-94.

• 艺术研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

 论中国画的“写”　　                          

  

  1. 暨南大学文学院，广东 广州 510632
  • 出版日期:2011-07-15 发布日期:2011-07-15

On "Writing" in the Chinese Painting

  1. School of Liberal Arts, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
  • Online:2011-07-15 Published:2011-07-15

摘要：

　摘要： 中国画“曰写而不曰画”，是基于“写”的抒情性和书法意识，这是文人审美趣味渗透到绘画的表现。“写”有“置物”和“输心”之义，“置物”即由此器传之彼器，“输心”即情感的抒发。前者的字义通过引申，有“摹画”、“绘画”之义，但“摹写”易陷于只求形似而遗其神韵气骨的泥淖。自宋代始，因文人参与绘画创作，把画当作性情的摅写之具，渐倾向于情感的抒发。及至元代，画写胸中逸气，以“写”代“画”成一时之盛。从“置物”到“输心”是一个渐变的过程，体现出中国绘画从重在客观的造型艺术到重在主观的抒情艺术的发展变化，也体现出中国绘画的文学化进程，以及文人画家在这一进程中的作用。“写字”最早称“画字”，后改“画”为“写”，亦出于“置物”和“输心”两义，而书画皆曰“写”，正反映出绘画的书法意识，不仅以书入画，更是对“置物”和“输心”的共同追求，尤其是对后者的强调。随着文人画的发展，隶家和逸品越来越受人推崇，发生了由工入写的变化，表明文人画家作画的态度重在情感的抒发而不在于追求绘画的逼真精巧，“写”逐渐成为划清文人画与院体画界限的标志。
　　

关键词:  写；词义；抒情性；书法意识；隶家；逸品

Abstract:

The Chinese painting "is called writing rather than drawing", which derives from the lyricism and handwriting consciousness of "writing", displaying a situation of writers' aesthetic taste into painting. As an artistic term, "writing" denotes both "place something" and "transmit something". While the former means "sending this one to that one", the latter signifies "expressing one' s feelings". And by virtue of extension, the former indicates "copying" or "drawing". Beginning from the Song Dynasty, writers began to participate in painting creation so that they could better express themselves in motion. Therefore, painting gradually became a means of expressing one' s feeling. Up to the Yuan Dynasty, painting was used to express a romantic spirit in chest and thus "writing" instead of "drawing" became a fashion. The process from "place something" to "transmit something" is gradual, not only embodying a development of the Chinese painting from emphasis on objective modeling to stress on subjective lyricism, but also disclosing a literary course in China' s painting, during which the painter as a writer play an important part. In the early time, "write a word" was called "draw a word". It was only later that "draw" was changed to "write", which also derived from the two meanings of "place something" and "transmit something". And the change from "paint something" to "write something" just gave a fact that the Chinese painting not only possessed such a consciousness as writing into drawing but also reflected on the common pursuit of "place something" and "transmit something", especially the latter. With the development of writers' painting, nonexperts and their superior artworks were held more and more in esteem. Thus the change from "drawing" to "writing" took place. This indicates that, instead of stressing on the vividness of painting, writers' painting emphasizes on expressing their feelings. And "writing" also marks the difference between writers' painting and experts' painting.

Key words:  writing; word meaning; lyricism; handwriting consciousness; nonexpert; superior artwork