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上海大学学报(社会科学版)

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天 地 人 产 权 论 ——当代人的发展多维产权探讨

  

  • 收稿日期:2011-03-23 出版日期:2011-05-15 发布日期:2011-05-15

On The Property Rights of the "NatureEarthMan"
——A Multidimensional Probe into Today' s Human Development

  • Received:2011-03-23 Online:2011-05-15 Published:2011-05-15

摘要：

当今人类正面临着资源环境问题的严峻挑战。与此同时, 一些国家“超低劳动力成本”引发的矛盾也在触及“人”的尊严底线。文章基于“人的发展多维产权论”，围绕当代人的生存发展这一主题，就“天”（环境产权）、“地”（资源产权）、“人”（人力产权）及其耦合问题进行探讨：(1)环境领域存在“产权缺失”。理论探讨表明，建立环境产权制度具有客观依据。其制度框架为“三大支柱”，即环境产权界定、交易和保护制度，同时在顶层实现产权路线与技术路线、结构路线、规制路线的整体协调。(2)资源领域存在“产权残缺”。 按照作者“广义产权论”的“多权能”要义，应重点完善“五项权能”，即农民土地经营的流转权、林地经营权和林木转让权、矿产资源的探矿权和采矿权、水资源产权、海洋“用益物权”。(3)人力产权是以人为“本体”的产权，重点是劳动力产权、管理产权和技术产权。应确立人力产权拥有者在经济社会中的主体地位，寻求人力资本转化为企业资本的通道，建立金三角制度结构。(4)“天地人”产权关系具有内在耦合性。论文就如何发挥“天地人”产权在科学发展、体制改革以及社会管理和创新中的耦合作用提出了自己的见解。

关键词:  人的发展多维产权, 环境产权, 资源产权, 人力产权, 耦合作用

Abstract:

 Nowadays human beings are facing the great challenge of resources and environment. At the same time, in some countries, the contradictions caused by "cheap labor costs" are also touching the bottom line of human dignity. This essay, based on the "multidimensional property rights of human development", and from the property rights of "nature" (environment), "earth" (resources) and "man" (manpower) as well as their coupling, puts forward the following opinions: (1) In the aspect of environment, there is the "deficiency of property rights". A theoretical discussion shows that it is objective to establish a system of environmental property rights. The framework serves as the "three pillars", that is, the system of environmental property rights in definition, transaction and protection, including the integrated coordination between the lines of property rights, techniques, structures and regulations. (2) In the aspects of resources, there is the "deformity of property rights". According to the "multipowers" of the generalized theory of property rights, such five powers should be perfected as peasants' land flow, woodland management and tree transfer, the drilling and mining of mineral resources, the rights of water resources, and the usufructuary right of oceans. (3) The property rights of manpower take human beings as the "essence", which emphasize labor force, management and technology. It is necessary to establish owners' subjective status in economic society and seek for the channels and forms of manpower capital being transformed into enterprise capital so as to construct a systematic structure of golden triangle. (4) The property order of the "natureearthman" has an inner coupling. The author makes some suggestion of how to play a coupling part of the property rights of the "natureearthman" in scientific development, systematic reform and social management.
   

Key words: human development, multidimensional property rights, environmental property rights, property rights of resources, property rights of manpower, coupling function