关于信任社会机制的跨文化研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

摘要：在跨文化管理的研究中，一种占有统治地位的观点认为，一些文化是“信任文化”，而另一些文化是“非信任文化”。如果信任可以用统一、普遍的标准去度量，并且这种划分有助于我们认识多样的信任形成和管理机制，那么它是令人满意的。但事实并非如此。从文化层面上对信任的思考要求我们考察在特定情形中那些旨在建立信任关系的行为的具体含义。这一目标是不可能通过对大量的量化指标进行宽泛的分析所能达到的，它要求更为细腻的质化研究。通过对美国、日本、德国、中国和法国五个国家信任关系的比较研究可以发现，在那些所谓“信任社会”中的社会控制机制大都是外部的，而“非信任社会”则更倾向于在自主控制的机制中来建立信任。不同的文化背景下，每个社会形成了自己独特的社会控制形式和机制，从而使其成员之间以不同的方式来构建信任。每种方式在不同的社会生活领域显现出优势和局限。因此，信任在不同的文化中的意义是不同的，是无法用统一的标准去度量的。在信任问题上不存在文化宿命论：各个社会之间只存在在信任发展保障机制上的差异，而不存在绝对意义上“总体信任水平”的高低。管理中对信任的研究应该关注更具实践意义的每个社会信任形成机制的问题。

关键词: 关键词：信任；文化；质化研究；社会控制；多样性

Abstract:

Abstract： In studying crosscultural management, there is a dominant view that some are "trust cultures" while others are "nontrust cultures". If trust can be measured by a uniform, universal standard, and this division can help us understand a variety of trust formation and management mechanism, it is satisfactory. But this is not the case. A study of trust from the level of culture requires us, in a given situation, to examine its specific meaning that aims at building trust relationships. For this goal, it is impossible to reach by a broad analysis of large number of quantitative indicators, which requires a more subtle qualitative research. By a comparative analysis of the trust relationship of such five countries as the United States, Japan, Germany, China and France, this essay concludes that the social control mechanism of the socalled "trust society" are mostly external while the "nontrust society" are more inclined to build trust through the selfcontrol mechanism. Under the background of different cultures, each society formed its own unique form of social control mechanism so as to make its members build trust mutually in different ways. Each method reveals its advantage and limitation in different social life. Therefore, in different cultures, trust has different meanings. It is impossible to measure trust by using a uniform criteria. For trust, there is no culture of fatalism. Between various societies only exists the difference in the safeguard mechanism of trust development. And there is no absolute highness or lowness in general trust level. For studying trust in management, it is necessary to concern about each issue of formation mechanism in social trust, which is more practical.

Key words: Key words： confidence; culture; qualitative research; social control; diversity

中图分类号:

中图分类号： F270.7

段明明. 关于信任社会机制的跨文化研究[J]. 上海大学学报(社会科学版), 2010, 17(2): 120-132.

DUAN Meng-Meng. A CrossCultural Study of the Social Mechanism of Trust[J]. Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition), 2010, 17(2): 120-132.

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