上海大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2009, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 100-108.

• 影视理论研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

谢晋:中国电影黄金时代的艺术高峰上

  

  1. 清华大学影视传播研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2009-09-19 出版日期:2009-05-15 发布日期:2009-05-15
  • 基金资助:

    教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关招标课题(05JZD00025)

Xie Jin: the Artistic Peak in the Golden Age of the Chinese Film

  1. (Center of FilmTelevision and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)
  • Received:2009-09-19 Online:2009-05-15 Published:2009-05-15
  • About author:尹鸿(1961),男,重庆人。清华大学影视传播研究中心主任,中国电影家协会理论评论委员会主任,教授,博士生导师。

摘要:

作为中国电影第三代导演的代表,谢晋取得了杰出的艺术成就。谢晋电影创作的三个阶段均有其代表性的作品,这些具有代表性的影片体现了中国电影伦理情节剧传统的最高成就。这一传统采用现实主义电影叙事手段,用戏剧性、典型化的方法基本按照生活的本来面目来编制故事。从《孤儿救祖记》、《渔光曲》、《一江春水向东流》到谢晋的电影,都体现了这一被中国老百姓喜闻乐见的电影传统。谢晋电影在其发展的第一阶段有如下特点:其主人公基本上都是女性,且其起点比较低。这个女性从家庭里跑出来,成为孤独无助的人,找不到理想和出路。而就在这个时候,她会遇到一个比她更成熟、更年长的男性。这个男性一般都是革命理想的象征,他会帮助她去克服种种困难,使她从孤独无助的状态中得以解脱,从而渡过危机,超越自我,最后进入到一个革命大家庭当中去。在谢晋电影发展的第二个阶段,其影片的故事模式发生了变化,往往是某个男性主人公被冤屈,被打成“右派”,或被流放,受到社会排斥;最后影片中最漂亮、最善良的女人却喜欢上这个被排斥的男人,最终用家的温暖、用女性的温暖和情感的温暖去抚慰他被集体所排斥时产生的创伤。第三阶段的谢晋电影一直处在一个比较困惑的挣扎状态,而这一阶段同时也伴随着中国电影黄金时代的终结。谢晋电影的黄金时代在这个时期其实已经基本结束,虽然他自己还是非常努力地做了很多的改变,但是这种改变无法真正让电影回到大众生活当中去,因为这个时候不仅仅是谢晋电影,几乎所有的电影都没有观众,所以这个时期他逐渐退出了电影的中心舞台。一个人不可能一辈子永远都是高峰,但谢晋电影在两个时代都是高峰。从1949年到1976年,他是那个时代电影的杰出代表之一。如果说有的艺术家是超前时代的话,那么谢晋就是一个时代的集大成者。他更多地把传统、西方、当代结合到一起,一直保持和时代同步,成为中国主流电影30年的代表。谢晋是谢晋时代的高峰,而且也是中国电影黄金时代不可逾越的经典大师。

关键词: 谢晋, 谢晋模式, 中国电影传统, 伦理情节剧, 现实主义

Abstract:

 Abstract: As one of the third generation of the Chinese film, Xie Jin achieves remarkable results. His three phases of creation all have masterpieces, which represent the highest peak in the film creation of the Chinese ethic melodrama. This tradition of creation, by way of realistic film narratives, works out stories as the life itself, making dramatic and typified. From Zheng Zhengqiu' s A Obedient Orphan through Cai Chusheng' s Spring River Flows East to Xie Jin' s films, all embody this tradition loved by common people. The creation of his first phase has following characters: basically, the protagonist is female, often in the bottom of society, and run away from the family, without any help, finding no way out; and at this time, she meets a male, who is elder and more mature than her and symbolizes revolutionary ideals, helping her to overcome all kinds of difficulties; thus she frees herself from helplessness, going through the crisis and beyond herself, and, finally, enters into the big revolutionary family. And in the second phase, this pattern has a change. Very often, the hero is wrongly dealt with, either becoming a "rightist", or in a exile, excluded from social life; but, finally, the heroine who is both pretty and goodhearted, falls into love with him, and, by way of the family' s comfort as well as the female sentiment, gives solace to his psychological wound. The third phase witnesses his bewilderment and struggle, and, at the same time, brings to an end the golden age of the Chinese film. Although he tries best to change that, the film has not come back into the public life. During the time, almost all the films, including Xie Jin' s, haven' t won acclaim from the audience. Therefore, gradually, he drops out of the center of stage. Although he does not always stand on the highest peak, his films represent the artistic peak of the two ages. He is one of the most outstanding artists in the period from 1949 to 1976. Even if Xie Jin is not ahead of his time, he is a synthesizer who combines tradition with modern, as well as the Western, and keeps pace with the time in such a way that he becomes the hero of the 30year mainstream film in China. Xie Jin is not only the peak of Xie Jin' s age but also the great classic master in the golden age of the Chinese film.

Key words: Chinese tradition of film, ethic melodrama, realism

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