上海大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2009, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 68-79.

• 影视理论研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

电影演员影像表演的美学价值

张仲年   

  1. 上海戏剧学院艺术研究所
  • 收稿日期:2008-12-09 出版日期:2009-03-15 发布日期:2009-03-15

The Aesthetic Value of Film Stars' Image Performance

  • Received:2008-12-09 Online:2009-03-15 Published:2009-03-15

摘要:

 一个世纪的各种探索已经证明,在影视诸多因素中,对观众最有吸引力的是演员,是明星。演员、明星对电影的重要性是因为“一部戏的永久价值却在于人物塑造”。目前数码高科技已经创造出“数字演员”。有人认为,把它运用于电影制作,从而在一定程度上取代真人的电影表演,在理论上已经不存在任何问题了。有的文章甚至更为激进地提出:应当考虑被拍摄对象从摄影机前面消失的问题了。这引人深思:高科技数字化的发展真的会取代电影演员的真人影像表演吗?两者之间的美学价值是相同的吗?演员真人的影像表演的美学价值究竟在哪里?表演的美学价值来自两个方面。一是来自演员本身;二是来自他创造的银幕形象。对于电影演员来说,影像呈现的人物与真人呈现的崇高,虚实结合,相互辉映,相得益彰。这种复合的美,数字演员永远不可能达到。电影银幕表演的美与表演的魅力,体现在六个字上:形、性、情、精、气、神。影像外部造型的美,数字演员完全可以取代。然而,演员影像美最重要的集中在脸部。这张脸一定要有魅力,要能充分表述语言无法表述的东西。眼睛能够把内心最隐秘的活动淋漓尽致地显露出来,恐怕现在还很难想像数字演员具有这样的双眼。性的吸引力是银幕吸引力最重要的方面之一。影像表演的长处就是电影导演或摄影千方百计地运用电影技术的手段,把真人的形和性的魅力放大,放大到恰到好处,会产生一种无法估量的吸引力和感染力。很难相信数字演员能具有和引发性的魅力。最重要的是情感。人类具有很复杂、很深邃的情感。在时间流动中积累的人类细腻丰富、复杂多变的情感,其表现属于高级审美,很难想像可以用数字演员来表现。精、气、神除了指演员本人的内在素质外,主要指角色的创造。精、气、神都是角色性格的内核。精者,个性之精华。气者,人物之能量。神者,角色之灵魂。演技是重要审美对象之一。真人影像表演令人欣赏的是同一个演员能塑造不同个性的人物。受人尊崇的演员大抵一人千面,令人难忘。这更是数字演员望尘莫及的了。综上所述,电影演员影像表演的美学价值是数字演员无法达到,更无法取代的。

关键词: 电影美学;影像表演;数字演员;表演魅力;本体心理学;美学价值

Abstract:

 From a century of research for the film and television, it has been proved that an actor or a star is the most attractive factor. This is because the "permanent value of a play lies in its characterization". Since digital hightechniques have created "digital actors", someone think that, from the level of theory, the day will come when real actors are replaced with "digital actors". Even some articles point sharply out that it is now the time to consider the disappearance of the photographed object before the camera. Can it be true: the development of digital hightechniques results in the replacement of the real image performance of film stars? Is there the same aesthetic value between the two? In other words, where is the aesthetic value for the image performance of real stars? By performance, there are two kinds of aesthetic value. One comes from the star himself; the other from his creative screenimage. For the film star, the real self integrates the virtual image so as to bring out the best result in each other, which combined beauty can never be acquired by the digital star. The screen beauty, or the performance charm, consists of six aspects: body, character, emotion, spirit, mettle and verve. Although the beauty of the external shape can be created by the digital star, the most important beauty is acquired by the face, which can express something indescribable. Especially the eyes, which serve as revealing one' s internal secret, can never be possessed by the digital star. And the character, by virtue of the director' s usage of film techniques, can be enlarged in such a degree that it produces an incalculable infectiousness, which is very difficult to be copied by the digital star. And the emotion, as one of the superlative aesthetic activities, is only produced by humans, which is also unable to be copied by the digital star. As for spirit, mettle and verve, they chiefly refer to the creation of the star besides his internal diathesis, all belonging to the kernel of the character. The performance of the real star is enjoyable because he can produce different personality, which is even unrivalled by any digital star. To sum up, the aesthetic value produced by the film star can never be acquired or replaced by the digital star.

Key words:  film aesthetics; image performance; digital actor; performance charm; noumenal psychology; aesthetic value

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