Table of Content

15 November 2009, Volume 16 Issue 6

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Articles

Market Freedom, Government Intervention and the "China Mode"

CHEN Xian

2009, 16(6):  5-17. 

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While the current financial crisis brings about a deep adjustment of virtual economy and real economy, it also promotes a new awareness of several important theoretical issues on economics. Among them, the issues on market failure and government failure, or market freedom and government intervention, once again, as hot topics, have been raised. Any establishment of theory requires a set of assumptions. For neoliberalism, there are assumptions of economists and perfect competitions. If these assumptions do not hold or need extension, the conclusion is sure to change. In this sense, the crisis can not——and should not——put an end to the market. The reasons that cause the crisis are not only attributed to market failure but also government failure, including interest rate failure, regulation failure and monetary policy failure. By analyzing the bailouts of governments in the crisis as well as the resulting effects, can be seen a tendency to the "new comprehensive" in government intervention. Keynes' government intervention means that, when the market can not be clear automatically, that is, lacking of effective demands, the government, through fiscal and monetary policies, increases and simulates effective demands to help market to restore balance. But the government intervention of the "new comprehensive" refers to three extensions of Keynes' government intervention, including the normal government intervention and abnormal government, the government intervention in commodity markets and government in capital markets, the macroeconomic government intervention and microeconomic government intervention, and two different government intervention both in economics and economic sociology. Throughout the history of economic developments, as well as the evolution of economic development modes, it is not difficult to discover that all sorts of economic development modes，whether different or similar, mainly depend upon the role of the government. And their success or failure is also dependent, at several stage of development, on some "degree" role of the government. Although there is no the "China mode" in economic developments, but it will probably exist sometime in the future, parallel with the "AngloSaxon mode" and the "Eastern Asia mode". It has a practical, directive significance for China' s development of economy and society to have a correct understanding of the government role of the "China mode" and the status of stateowned economy.

A Satiric Power of History
——After Xie Jin Encountered the Butterfly Effect

WANG Zhi-Min, Diao-Nan

2009, 16(6):  25-30. 

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Department of Film Studies, Beijing Film Academy, Beijing 100088, China)Abstract： For the discussion on Xie Jin' s mode in the middle of 1980s, it is time to give a conclusion of the rights and wrongs, even from viewpoint of pure commemoration. After all, more than 20 years have passed. If we want to do so, the double perspectives of time change, historical inspection and butterfly effect can be adopted. On July 18, 1986, a young scholar named Zhu Dake published in Wenhui a 2000words essay, entitled "Shortcomings for Xie Jin' s Model", which caused a heated discussion in the circle of China' s film criticism. Just as Lorenz' s butterfly effect shows, things went beyond what was expected. Although Zhu' s evident errors in his essay, for which nobody paid attention to, appeared one after another overstated, echoed essays. Therefore, the suggestion was put forward that Xie Jin' s times should be put an end to, and his films also became the targets for critics, whether they were talented or untalented. It seemed that, in a twinkling, Xie Jin as a famous director fell to the ground, becoming an art foundling from God' s favored one. Nobody could change the situation even defenders. This event gave a great impact on Xie Jin' s creation. And his filmmaking idea was hit hard, for instance, Last Aristocracy. Thus, this gifted creator, who was successfully persistent in his film art, entered into his period of shock or transition. In view of the situation of the day, Mr. Zhong Dianfei wrote an instructing essay, entitled "A Multiple Thinking about Xie Jin' s films", which analyzed all kinds of questions arising in the discussion and made an advanced conclusion. But up to now, in some respects, we have not understood fully his good intentions cherished. Under such a circumstance, we must reread his essay so as to use history as mirror, drawing lessons from history. Although, at that time, the discussion abovementioned shook the traditional model of China' s mainstream films, the bitter satire of history is always powerful. We can see that, under the context of high industrialization, the traditional model, once rocked, is coming back in an unprecedented, powerful attitude. Even more ironic is that the theoretical voice of this comingback is stronger, bolder and clearer than ever before.

A Conflict of Dominant Culture in Japan' s Film Okuribito

NIE Xin-Ru

2009, 16(6):  31-39. 

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 Okuribito, the Japan' s film awarded Oscar in the United States in 2009, implies the game and conflict between the Eastern and Western cultures, that is, both the heritage of the Eastern traditional culture and the strong influence by the Western culture. The socalled heritage and conflict chiefly display the following three aspects. First, there is the collision between individualism and collectivization. For a long period of time, the Japanese society is characteristic of collectivization, and individuals, in general, exist as part of collectivity. This situation, after World War II, begins to change, but the feature of the family culture heritage doesn' t disappear, for example, the familization of Japan' s enterprises. Nevertheless, Kobayashi, the protagonist of Departures, is an individual who has no collective cultural background. Secondly, there is the collision between the crime culture and shame culture. According to Benedict' s The Chrysanthemum and the Sword, in Japan' s culture, there is the "shame" instead of the "sin". But the protagonist of Departures adheres to his own idea, and, against the pressure of the family and society, does not give up his encoffining work, which just displays the Western "sin" instead of Japan' s "shame". Thirdly, there is the grand narrative about the "father". From a deep level, Departures demonstrates a return to traditional family culture, and, by way of the change of the relationship of Kobayashi father and son from tension to reconciliation, shows active and positive attitude toward the maintaining and heritage of blood kinship ties in the family culture.

The Ideographic Function of Colorful Language in
FilmTelevision Works

QU Chun-Jing, TONG Yun-Xia

2009, 16(6):  40-50. 

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(School of FilmTelevision Arts and Technologies, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China)Abstract： As a symbol of unique medium and emotion expression, colors in filmtelevision works have their own ways to transmit information. First, there is a universally accepted bonding between colors and conceptions. Secondly, just as ordinary language does, color language obeys aggregation and combination relations. But different from ordinary language, it possesses the double features of simulation and performance codes. Actually, the code systems of color language and image language are different. On the one hand, image language, due to the difference of color and brightness, and, under the circumstance of the same signifier (image), can form such a big contrast in the level of the signified, even transmitting such an exact opposite meaning that it can not cover completely with color language; and on the other hand, color language can use pigment to create some expressions capable to communicate with audience, which, in general, are limited by these two restrictions of cultural custom and mental suggestion. While different influences of cultural custom make color language characteristic of nationalities, psychological meaning produced by color suggestion is a universal consensus. What' s more, color language can shape image to give an impetus to the development of stories. Different combination of color elements, whether being within a single picture or between scenes, can constitute a specific "sentence" of connotation, forming the statements of characters' traits such as goodness, evilness, beauty and ugliness. And the conversion and linkup between scenes also make colors characteristic of the "linear" combination, more inclined to complete the meaning communication of a complicated event. Colors can be considered as a language, not only because it features signifying, aggregation and combination, but also because these connotations are all by reallife. Some color forms already influence peoples' awareness. The color language that becomes a kind of expressional pattern or formulaic mark often starts audience' s life experience or knowledge reserve, thus being able to form an acquiescent bonding between colors and conceptions. Since people are easy to accept the implied meaning in it, color language possesses an ideographic function.

Securities Market, StateOwned Enterprises Reform
and Social Security System Perfection
——A Reflection on Coming into Sale of Large or Small NonTradable Share

Li-Zhen-1, TAO Jin-Hai-2

2009, 16(6):  51-65. 

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 Any reform is a systematic project, in which, if any problem is ignored, many other problems may be triggered. Therefore, in China, the stateowned enterprises reform is impossible to be separated from the social security system and capital market. At the present, in the capital market, the fact that most of the suggestions on coming into sale of large or small nontradable shares cannot resolve fundamental problems should be attributed to a lack of this systematic viewpoint. In order to shake off completely the dilemma of the "large or small nontradable share in the era of postcapitalrestructuring", the crucial method is, on a basis of grasping the relations between securities market, stateowned enterprises reform and social security system, to allocate stateowned enterprises equity to pension so as to realize its socialization. Considering the clear property right and convenient operation of stateowned shares in listed companies, this kind of stateowned enterprises equity should first be dealt with. And on the state level, give stateowned enterprise property rights to a special "pension transformation fund", which can be used in the necessary supplement of transformation cost, and allowed to circulate in the secondary market. Correspondingly, on the local level, give local stateowned enterprise property rights to the "provincial committee of personalaccount pension fund", and, by legislation, determine a special usage in supplement of transformation cost. For the present time, the most pressing task is ensuring this benefit be used in the personal account so as to realize market operation as quick as possible, thus protecting the benefit of retirees who work as the participator in the new system. In conclusion, this comprehensive solution has the result of the "three birds with one stone". On the one hand, it resolves the problem of the large or small nontradable share in the securities market because of share division reform; and on the other hand, it meets the requirement of social security fund. And also, at the same time, it displays the justice and efficiency that are faced by stateowned enterprise reform.

An Empirical Study of the Relationship between
Dynamic Capabilities and Performance

Lin-Ping

2009, 16(6):  66-77. 

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 According to the dynamic capabilities view, in today' s turbulent environments, competitive advantage results from dynamic capacities to continuously improve, innovate, and reconfigure resources to shape new functional competencies that align with the environment. However, currently the dynamic capabilities theory still lies at an exploratory stage. There are still large divergences about the dimension and function about dynamic capabilities. This study bases on the dynamic capabilities framework of Teece et al.' s, and expands it into more specific content. According to theoretical analysis，literature research, and indepth interviews, from resource reconfigured process perspective, we decompose dynamic capabilities into market orientation, organization learning, integrative capabilities, organizational flexibility and risk prevention capability. We explore the relationship between dynamic capability and organization performance, and the role of environmental turbulence. This study sets enterprises in Fujian Province as research targets. 262 samples are collected by using questionnaire as data collection tool. After the empirical study of these samples by factor analysis, structural equation model and so on, With 262 valid samples from a largescale questionnaire survey，the results verify the role of dynamic capabilities on performance and the moderating role of environmental turbulence. The results also suggest that, the dynamic capabilities are valuable even in the relatively stable environments. It extends the value of dynamic capabilities. In theory, this study clarified the value of dynamic capabilities, also provides the proof of the role of dynamic capabilities on the background of a transitional economy country. In practice, this essay enables managers to understand and leverage dynamic capabilities to develop competencies that match changing environment, and it also offers strategic guidance for enterprises to change ways of thinking, and achieve sustainable development.

The Regional Judicial Cooperation on Civil and
Commercial Legal Cases between the Mainland
China and the HK Macau SAR and their Perfection

SONG Ti-Xiang

2009, 16(6):  78-95. 

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Since the return of Hong Kong and Macau, China has ceremonially formed three recognizable civil and commercial legal regions, i.e. one socialistic legal region of China' s mainland with Chinese characteristics, two the Hong Kong SAR legal region with the capitalistic AngloAmerican common law system, and three the Macau SAR region with the capitalistic continental legal system. Under the condition of the "One Country, Two Systems", China' s mainland, Hong Kong and Macau have developed closer economic and trade relations and continuously made new achievements in the regional judicial cooperation. Six systematic "arrangements" were signed in succession. Through many years of trial practice, the experience of hearing cases involving Hong Kong and Macao of Intermediate People' s Court in the mainland and its authorized grassroots courts are becoming basically mature. Their fairness and efficiency are widely recognized by Hong Kong and Macau compatriots. Some situations of deliberately circumventing mainland courts' trial and case law in the mainland have been basically eliminated. But due to special social and historical background and differences in legal traditions, legal systems and many other reasons, so far, some institutional arrangements are not satisfactory; especially there are still certain deficiencies and shortcomings in the mutual recognition and implementation of civil and commercial judgments and arbitral awards. For example, recognition and implementation of judgments in civil and commercial matters in the mainland and Hong Kong are too narrow in scope; the evidence system between the two places has not been established; mutual recognition and implementation of arbitral award is only limited to the commercial field, which does not match reality extended to the civilian sector, and is lack of a separate accreditation process. The judicial assistance practice between the mainland, Hong Kong and Macau has not achieved satisfactory results, and is entirely commensurate with the need of the everaccelerating regional economic and trade development and cooperation. Therefore, we should constantly summarize past experience, march forward with times and always improve the existing judicial assistance in its systematic "arrangements". For example, we should expand the scope of assistance in arrangements, face squarely the issue of jurisdiction, integrate a uniform jurisdictional standard of review, avoid conflict of jurisdiction, resolve crucial issues of Mainland Judgments, define the principles of reservations about the use of public order, construct a system of evidence in civil and commercial matters, make up for the blank area for mutual legal assistance in the mainland and Hong Kong, add a special recognition system, expand the scope of mutual legal assistance, carry out recognition and implementation of ad hoc arbitration in Hong Kong, adjust the implementation of the arbitration proceedings, discuss the main legal issues facing the legislative and judicial practice, and propose the corresponding improvement measures in legislation.

The Public Interest Principle in AntiDumping

TUN Yi-Min

2009, 16(6):  96-110. 

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 It is the public interest principle that creates a new mechanism, supplying the implementation of antidumping investigations as well as measures in the world with a formulaic example that is more rational and more mature. The public interest principle applies itself to the goal that each country' s antidumping starts with protecting its own industries and aims at the overall interest of the community so as to realize this optimization. Since the public interest principle embodies a tendency of development in antidamping, many countries, for instance, Canada, and many organizations such as European Union and WTO, in the legislation of antidumping, successively take the public interest principle into account. China' s legislation on the confirmation of the public interest principle marks her progress of antidamping system in legislative concepts and technologies. But, due to the notsoflexible regulations on the public interest principle in the promulgated legal documents, the legislation abovementioned does not reflect fully the value of the public interest principle nor play its due role. What' s more, it also lacks of operability. In order to strengthen the public interest principle in antidumping, it is necessary to make the following suggestion. On the one hand, the regulations on public interests in antidamping should be further improved; and on the other hand, an independent interrogation in the examination of antidumping should be put into effect. At the same time, more attention in antidumping responding should be paid to the demurrer of public interests and the improvement of evaluation and balancing mechanism.

The Historical Condition and Specific Provision in the
Formation of Marx' s Practice Concept——Also Comment
on Some Viewpoints from Practical Aesthetics Commentators

MA Chi

2009, 16(6):  111-121. 

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 Practice is the hardcore of Marx' s practical materialism, and also the footstone of Marxist historical materialism. If we want to introduce this concept into aesthetics so as to establish a kind of aesthetics that takes Marxist practical materialism and its practice concept as the philosophical foundation and main viewpoint, most important is adhering to Marxist practice concept. It is under the specific historical circumstance or condition, Marx' s practice concept shapes. Its birth can be considered as an intermediate link, both "critically transforming" Hegel' s speculative philosophy and "actively abrogating" Feuerbach's philosophy. Marx' s comprehension and interpretation of the connotation of the practice concept also undergoes a process of development from spiritualism through materialism to dialectical materialism. On the one hand, Marx sees Feuerbach' s more accurateness than Hegel, that is, the principle of perceptual objectivity in materialism; and on the other hand, he also sees Hegel' s more brilliance than Feuerbach, that is, human' s action of objectivity, or, in detail, human' s subjective, active function of creating the objective world by way of awareness and practice. It is on a basis of inheriting Hegel' s labor view of spiritualism and Feuerbach' s humanistic view of materialism that Marx creates scientific practice concept of dialectical materialism. The basic difference between Marx' s practice concept and other middle class' s practice concept of philosophy should be made clearly. First, Marx' s practice concept is characteristic of direct realistic significance. Secondly, Marx' s practice concept is characteristic of pervasiveness. Thus, a summary of Marx' s practice concept can further be made as follows: (1) practice is a "revolutionary" action; (2) practice is an action of the "critical awareness"; (3) practice is a dialectic process of movement and development. Based on all these, it is inappropriate to mix Marxism with ontology and phenomenology.

On Terministic Screen in Kenneth Burke' s View of Language

TAO Chi-Meng, WANG Hui-Min

2009, 16(6):  122-130. 

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On Terministic Screen in Kenneth Burke' s View of Language(School of Foreign Languages, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China)Abstract： Burke views language as a symbolic action. Only by virtue of this symbolic system that is constructed by the symbolic actions, can human beings create the complicated language system to convey messages, thus reflecting the beings of nature, human, society and the relations among them. In the symbolic actions of language, each word is permeated with man' s knowledge to nature, society or human himself and soaked with the values of the speech community. Terms, the pioneers of language territory, are framing man'  s knowledge limit as well as continuously extending human knowledge. Based on the linguistic view of dramatism, Burke proposes terministic view, which, to a certain extent, discloses the intricate relations between language, mind and reality. Any term only reflects a certain aspect of the reality and while reflecting the reality, deviation occurs as well. For instance, while reflecting an aspect, it ignores the other and while focusing on a certain feature, it obscures other features. In this sense, what people construct with language is always partial reality instead of the whole. However, either to a speech community or an individual, the terministic screen is not always the same, but rather changes with individualsexpanding, shrinking, twisting or standardizing. So it does for the community. Once this takes place, the terministic screen of the community begins to influence more individuals. In this process, sometimes in isolation and sometimes in association, stability is maintained. While using the symbolic system, we can neither do as some media in some countries to put things upside down, to label others with their stereotyped terms, nor stay where we are, but rather, under the examination of practice, we should continually enrich the connotations of terms, to make a multiperspective reflection of the world and human society so that human language can be clearer and more inclusive.

The Age of Reform and The Pastoral：
Contextualizing the House of the Seven Gables

CHANG Xiao-Jin

2009, 16(6):  131-142. 

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Set in the volatile world of antebellum America, The House of the Seven Gables, the second Romance by Nathaniel Hawthorne, mirrors in the vicissitudes of the Pyncheons over a century and a half the radical social changes and unsettling class issues consequent upon the rise of capitalism in the country. This essay argues that though sympathetic with the utopian reform movement that flourished during the decades of 1830s to 1840s, Nathaniel Hawthorne, as an unswerving conservative, could not espouse its utopian vision and turns instead to an equally illusive ideal of class union and social solidarity which an ageold pastoral tradition helps to foster. In the novel, a radical stance of reform is embraced and then rejected by Holgrave, a daguerreotypist and a reformer; and the utopian illusion is temporarily evoked on a brief train ride by Clifford and Phoebe and then revealed as impossible and almost wild attempts to escape the weight of the past and to begin anew. The abrupt ending in the promise of a pastoral retreat, while decidedly reveals Hawthorne' s conservative understanding of all utopian or reform movements of his age, is also indicative of the author's desire for resolution and closure, if not politically, at least symbolically, and therefore might be read as a symbolic act on the part of the author to transcend class conflicts in a pastoral ideal.