Table of Content

15 September 2020, Volume 37 Issue 5

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On the Issues of Intellectuals in the Era of Knowledge Economy

2020, 37(5):  1-14. 

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In the era of knowledge economy featured with the rapid advancement of science and technology， intellectuals constitute an independent class of large scale. The social status and role of intelligentsia should be re-evaluated by departing from the vicissitude history of intellectuals’ status and ridiculous reference of intellectuals as “few hairs” attached to other classes. Intellectuals， as the flag-carriers of history， have been an important part of the leading class. On the relationship of governments and intelligentsia， it should be made clear that intelligentsia is a  force that can be relied on by the government. However， the classification studies of intellectuals’“class defects” cannot be refuted. Still more importantly， we should unite and educate intellectuals with the spirits of being courteous to them， guiding them gently and tolerating their diversity. Governments should offer good logistic services and create sound environments for the intelligentsia， stick to the principles of “contention of a hundred schools of thought and all flowers blooming together” in the fields of arts and academia， and encourage the intelligentsia to think independently， speak out their minds and strive for innovations so that they can contribute wisdom and strength to national building.
 


Saussure’s Ghost: Modeling and Narration of #br# Delueze’s Movement-Image#br#

2020, 37(5):  15-25. 

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It is said that Delueze’s movement-image theory rejects narrative， which has confused many people. Delueze’s film theory has become one of the most difficult ones in the film study realm. In effect， Delueze’s movement-image theory does not reject narrative. Rather， Delueze replaced the general idea of narrative with the concept of “modulation” and replaced Saussure’s two-dimentsional narrative model of “two axes” with a three-dimensional model. His narrative construction did not happen in two dimensions， but in spaces. Apart from “paradigm”， Delueze’s image system also includes traditional narratives such as “syntagm” and “cause and effect”. It is simply the the switch of systems that has aroused the feeling of strangeness. Saussure’s model depicts the essence of human narrative. Though Delueze’s image system changes the external shape of traditional film narrative theories， it can never truly avoid the nature of narrative.



Critique of the Western Perspective of Global Film Noir Theories#br# —Concurrently on the Study of Contemporary Chinese Local Film Noir#br#

2020, 37(5):  26-36. 

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Abstract： The Western perspective of the global film noir theories is problematic since the final research results fall into the Western centralism， though more concealed. More seriously，if we blindly copy this global noir theory to study non-Western noir， including a large number of contemporary Chinese film noir in recent years， there will be huge bias. This reminds us that while researching contemporary local noir，we must consider many intertwining factors， such as global mobility， East Asian geocultural markets and China’s native reality，so that we can conduct feasible and effective study.The complex context of contemporary Chinese local noir research also provides an important reference to the study of other local genres. In today’s era when globalization is interwoven with Localization， more factors need to be taken into account in the study of local genres. It is increasingly likely to lead to fallacies if we study contemporary Chinese films only with one given Western theory.



Development of Chinese Biographical Films: #br# History， Present and Reflections#br#

2020, 37(5):  37-45. 

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 Biographical films focus on individuality of characters， aiming at presenting the audience the track of personality development . The important mission of biographical films lies in recording actual events， thus giving priority to the authenticity of facts. Chinese biographical films have been influenced by the mainstream ideology and confined to ideological shackles， which leads to excessive doctrine teaching. That is why Chinese biographical films lag far behind films of countries like Britain and the United States. In order to get on the road to success， Chinese biographical films should reduce preaching， be independent of government support， correctly handle politics， business and artistry in biographical films and clarify the relationship between historical authenticity and artistic authenticity so as to produce stable “genre films”.



A Study of Shanghai Air Pollution Problems #br# in the 1960s and 1970s#br#

2020, 37(5):  46-69. 

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 In the 1960s and 1970s， Shanghai was plagued by serious air pollution due to the leaking of industrial toxic gases and the floating and fall of smoke and dusts. In fact， supervisors and functional departments did attend to the problems and respond in two ways: political “active response” from “departments in charge in the national governance” and the bottom-up  “compelled response” on the spot. In 1972， the Chinese delegation attended the first UN Conference on Human Environment. In 1973， following a national conference on environmental protection， Shanghai made great efforts in the management and treatment of environmental problems after general surveys and implementation of policies. However， industrial and mining enterprises gave various lame excuses that “three wastes” (waste water， waste gases and waster residues) were inevitable and difficult to handle. In addition， factories transferred toxic product lines to the suburban enterprises， causing unchecked pollution. As a result， the pollution levels in Shanghai far exceeded the healthy standard. During the ten years， Shanghai’s industrial production had been growing together with increased energy consumption， leading to excessive industrial discharges and insufficient pollution treatment; the unit ownership defined by property rights determined the result that industrial and mining enterprises “aimed at profit”， producing die-hard problems of “production outweighing pollution treatment” in the “unit-prioritized” management mode; and the rash “workshop” governance practised by local departments violated the laws of modern science-based environmental governance. It is the superposition of these three factors that eventually led to the dilemma of “governance without effectiveness”.



On the Administrative Issues of Standing Committees of Local People’s Congresses from the Perspective of Deliberation Structure#br# —— An Empirical Investigation of the Municipal and County #br# People’s Congresses in S Province#br#

2020, 37(5):  70-81. 

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 In the actual operation of the Standing Committee of the Local People’s Congress in China， the system of administrative management dominates the agenda-setting power， thus forming a closed hierarchical deliberation structure. The topics for discussion come from limited sources， and the agenda setting is characterized by the combination of two channels: top-down orders and bottom up reports. The deliberation power is implemented from top to bottom with the Standing Committees of non-governmental organs basically excluded. This administrative feature has dampened the representative function of the Standing Committees of the Local People’s Congresses， and the system reform depends on the change of impeding structure. In view of this， only by changing the administrative deliberation structure of the standing committees of the Local People’s Congresses and reshaping their operational logic， can the representative organs give full play to their institutional efficiency.



Social Governance: Increased Governance in the Crack-down on Gangs and Evil Forces and Its Implications

2020, 37(5):  82-93. 

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In recent years， the “crack-down on criminal gangs and evil forces” has been intensified and ushered in a new phase of “sweeping away gangs and evil forces”. The definition and punishment of “evil”forces reflect comprehensive and in-depth fight against crimes committed by gangs and evil forces， but more refined targets should be made to improve effective governance in practice. For the governance of crimes committed by gangsters and evil forces， the penalty effect should be embodied in the accuracy of its application rather than in repetitive legislation. Therefore， it is essential to establish a clear and uniformly applicable charge system concerning crimes committed by gangs and evil forces. The governance of such crimes is comprehensive and complex， so it is necessary to comb the historical stages of the governance and reflect on the current problems， so as to build an effective law-based and normally operating governance mechanism targeting crimes committed by gangs and evil forces.



Emotion， Ritual and Faith: Sociological Interpretation of #br# Modern Landscape of Human Buddhism#br#

2020, 37(5):  94-104. 

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The sociology of religion attaches great importance to the interaction among emotion， ritual and belief. Ritual plays an important intermediate part in bridging emotion and faith. In the contexts of specific ritual demonstrations， one’s emotions will be enhanced or gradually deepened， together with the power of emotional sharing and resonance. What’s more， one’s personal outlook on value and faith is more likely to be shared by a group or social public. Rituals of religious activities， in particular， carry strong emotions and faiths， which in turn constitute the sanctity and sociality of religion itself， integrating groups， resources and relationships. Within relevant theories and methods of sociology of religion， modern human Buddhism is examined from three dimensions of emotion， ritual and faith， and action characteristics and social significance of human Buddhism are revealed.



Exploring Ways of Participation in Social Governance for Non-Party Members in the Colleges and Universities of Higher Education

2020, 37(5):  105-111. 

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 Social governance， an important part of national governance， calls for a united front， which is a magic weapon well matched with the essential nature of social governance. As an influential force of the united front，non-Party members in the colleges and universities also commit themselves to the mission of higher education and adhere to their own life value. Apart from steady pursuit of academic excellence and professional achievement， the non-Party members are supposed to give full play to their capacity in social governance by taking the following channels: building social consensus by sticking to their mission， serving the society according to their stations， participating in democratic supervision by practising their professionalism and enhancing scientific and technological innovations by taking the lead in disciplinary construction.



A Study of the Impact of Media Use Mechanisms on Death Risk in the Elderly

2020, 37(5):  112-129. 

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With the aging of Chinese society， the health problems of the elderly pose a great challenge to the country’s economic and social development. Death risk in the elderly is influenced by a combination of physical， psychological and social factors. Based on Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey （CLHLS） and Cox proportional hazard model， the relationship between and the mechanism（direct， alternative， indirect and selective） of media use and death risk in the elderly is examined. It is found that print media use （reading books， reading newspapers， etc.） and electronic media use （watching television， listening radio， etc.） can significantly reduce death risk in the elderly； the main mechanism of electronic media use has a direct impact on the death risk in the elderly since despite a variety of factors controlled， electronic media use can still significantly affect death risk； the main mechanism of print media use has a selective impact on the death risk which involves socioeconomic characteristics. The significant reduction in death risk from print media use occurs only in those educated elderly who live with their families and have pensions.



n Reformulating China’s Legal System of Emergency State#br# —Revisiting Emergency Response Law#br#

2020, 37(5):  130-140. 

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In response to major emergencies， the system of emergency state has played an important role in rebalancing public and private rights and provided a unified measurement for rendering social orders. The draft of Emergency Law driven by SARS in 2003 was later changed into the Emergency Response Law. The change in the approach to legislative thinking led to the lack of foundation for the Constitutional implementation of the system of emergency state， resulting in the restriction of the State in announcing the state of emergency. On the other hand， more than ten years of implementation of the Emergency Response Law has proven that the Law has not played its due part as a basic law in response to emergencies. In view of this， it is recommended that  Emergency Response Law  be revised into two parts:  Emergency Law  and  Emergency Management Law. Emergency Law should lower the thresholds of emergency announcement， classify states of emergency into typical categories and build up concrete systems according to the mid or post-phase of particularly major emergencies.  Emergency Management Law  should set up rational legislative goals by positioning itself properly as a “comprehensive law”，clarifying the functions of national emergency management system， establishing fundamental principles of emergency management and laying stipulations on major emergencies that call for coordination and comprehensive emergency management among different sectors in response to two or multi disasters.