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上海大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 108-118.

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组织与技术结合：中华人民共和国成立初期农业生产发展的新方向——以山西老区调查为中心的研究

  

  1. 太原师范学院 历史与文博学院
  • 出版日期:2025-11-11 发布日期:2025-11-27
  • 作者简介:
    苏泽龙，太原师范学院历史与文博学院教授，山西大学历史文化学院教授、博士研究生导师。研究方向：当代中国社会史、农业史研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金一般项目（22BZS147）

Organizational and Technical Integration: A New Direction for Agricultural Production in the Early Years of
the People's Republic of China — A Study Centered on the Survey of the Shanxi Old Revolutionary Base Areas

  1. School of History and Cultural Heritage, Taiyuan Normal University
  • Online:2025-11-11 Published:2025-11-27

摘要：

中华人民共和国成立后，中共山西省委在具有长期互助劳动经验的革命老区进行了农业生产调查，并在《人民日报》发表调研报告。以此为基础，1951年春，中共山西省委在长治地区试办了10个农业合作社，合作社以提高耕作技术为主要工作，在农业生产中展示出与互助组和单干户相比的优越性。之后，中共华北局就山西试办合作社的问题召开“小白楼会议”，此次会议是对中华人民共和国农业发展方向进行的一次大讨论。这场讨论最终以毛泽东对山西试办合作社的肯定而结束。1951年12月，中共中央颁布《关于农业生产互助合作的决议（草案）》，以中央文件的形式确定了中华人民共和国成立初期农业生产发展的方向。

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Abstract:

Following the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, the Shanxi Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) conducted a survey on agricultural production in the province’s old revolutionary base areas, which had extensive experience with mutual aid labor. The committee subsequently published its findings in the People’s Daily. Building on this research, the Shanxi Provincial Committee piloted ten experimental agricultural cooperatives in its Changzhi region in the spring of 1951. By focusing on the improvement of farming techniques, these cooperatives demonstrated clear superiority in agricultural output compared with both mutual aid teams and individual household farmers. This development prompted the CPC North China Bureau to convene the“Xiaobailou (Small White Building) Conference”to address the implications of Shanxi’s experimental cooperatives, sparking a major debate on the future direction of agriculture in the early years of the PRC. The debate concluded when Mao Zedong affirmed the Shanxi model.
Subsequently, in December 1951, the CPC Central Committee issued the Resolution (Draft) on Mutual Aid and
Cooperation in Agricultural Production, formally establishing the nation’s agricultural development path in the
early years of the PRC.

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