上海大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 92-104.

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晚清科学小说译介与近代民族未来观的建构

  

  1. 华东师范大学 中文系
  • 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-09-29
  • 作者简介:
    吴攸,华东师范大学中文系教授、博士生导师,法国巴黎第七大学博士。研究方向:比较文学与跨文化研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金一般项目(23BWW016)

The Late Qing Translation and Introduction of Science Fiction and the Construction of a Modern Vision of National Future

  1. Department of Chinese Language and Literature, East China Normal University

  • Online:2026-09-15 Published:2026-09-29

摘要: 科幻文学是人们想象未来的重要载体。这一文类伴随着 19世纪末“西学东渐”的译介浪潮来到中国,被冠以“科学小说”之名,并被赋予“科学救国”的民族主义使命。对晚清进步知识分子而言,译介科学小说并非简单的跨语际文学传播,而是一种与启蒙、救亡和社会变革息息相关的“介入翻译”实践。晚清译者希望通过翻译面向未来的种种想象,为中国提供一个超时空的视角,来审视当时的缺憾,并尝试提出解决现实危机的方案,从而将文学想象转化为一种能动性的建构力量。鉴于此,晚清科学小说译介的意义不囿于科学启蒙与文类更新,更在于推动“未来”跳出循环往复的中国传统时间逻辑,成为一个关乎民族存亡和历史进步的现代性范畴,深度参与近代民族未来观的建构。

关键词: 科学小说, 未来, 民族未来观, 译介, 晚清

Abstract:

Science fiction serves as a crucial vehicle for imagining the future. This genre was introduced into China through translation amid the late-nineteenth-century tide of the eastward transmission of Western learning. Known at the time as“scientific fiction,”it was from the outset endowed with a nationalist mission of “saving the nation through science.”In this context, for progressive intellectuals of the late Qing period, the translation and introduction of scientific fiction was not merely a form of cross-linguistic literary transmission, but a practice of“engaged translation”closely intertwined with enlightenment, national salvation, and social transformation. Late Qing translators sought, through the translation of diverse future-oriented imaginations, to provide China with a trans-spatiotemporal perspective to examine the deficiencies of the present and to explore possible solutions to pressing national crises, thereby transforming literary imagination into an active constructive force. In this sense, the significance of the translation and introduction of scientific fiction in the late Qing period lies not only in scientific enlightenment and the renewal of literary genres, but more importantly in its role in enabling“the future”to break free from the cyclical logic of traditional Chinese temporality and become a modern category closely tied to national survival, rejuvenation, and historical progress, thus contributing to the construction of a modern Chinese conception of the nation’s future. 

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