关键词: 世界体系, 宗教, 中国模式, 民族国家, 文化传统

Abstract:

 After the Industrial Revolution, the rise of European economy sparked young Chinese intellectuals to question the Confucian dogma which had shaped Chinese political, economic and social modes over thousands of years. People began to conceive a different political choice from the Confucian empire. A politic nationalism, i.e., a nationalstate movement built on the broken Confucius empire, began to thrive. People in the 19th century was deeply convinced that only European mode could help China regain its position in the world arena. It is a significant departure from Confucius tradition. Reviewing history, we can see that China’s international relations have been a continuous ebb and flow of Han cultural influence. The equaling of political leadership to Confucian “integrity” by which harmony and stability had been maintained was severely challenged at the end of 19th century. Currently, China mode distinguishes itself in that capital exists to a large extent on the local levels. This can explain why China mode appeals more and more developing countries, but problems still exist concerning its applicability to other countries.

Key words: world system, national state, religiouscultural tradition,  China mode