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上海大学学报(社会科学版)

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低潮高地的法律地位辨析

  

  1. 华东政法大学 国际航运法律学院
  • 收稿日期:2016-04-30 出版日期:2016-07-15 发布日期:2016-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 包毅楠（1987），男，上海市人。华东政法大学国际航运法律学院博士后研究人员，英国萨塞克斯大学法学博士，研究方向为国际公法。

The Legal Status of Lowtide Elevations: An Appraisal

  • Received:2016-04-30 Online:2016-07-15 Published:2016-07-15

被引次数

2

摘要：

低潮高地的概念是在20世纪中叶以后得以确立的。《领海与毗连区公约》以及《联合国海洋法公约》对低潮高地的法律地位做出了具体规定。然而，对于界定低潮高地自然属性的潮汐基准面的选择、低潮高地是否可以被占领以及海洋的自然变迁对低潮高地法律地位的影响这三个重要问题，海洋法里并未存在明确的规则。通过分析《联合国海洋法公约》的相关条款，结合多个国际法案例，对上述三个问题的理论和实践进行考察，同时对“菲律宾南海仲裁案”中涉及低潮高地法律地位的判断问题进行解读。

关键词: 低潮高地, 《联合国海洋法公约》, 南海仲裁案,  , 潮汐基准面, 占领

Abstract:

 The modern concept of lowtide elevations was not established until the midtwentieth century. Although both Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone of 1958 and United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 1982 (UNCLOS) contain specific provisions on the legal status of lowtide elevations, they fail to elaborate on three crucial issues related to lowtide elevations: What are the criteria for the determination of the natural status of lowtide elevations? Whether lowtide elevations can be appropriated by occupation? What is the impact of sea level rise on the status of lowtide elevations? In response to these issues, this paper will analyze not only the provisions concerning lowtide elevations in UNCLOS, but also relevant international law cases and State practice. In addition, it will present the author’s personal appraisal of those issues concerning lowtide elevations in the South China Sea Arbitration.

Key words: tidal datum, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, occupation, South China Sea Arbitration,  lowtide elevations