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上海大学学报(社会科学版)

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《生物多样性公约》的回顾与前瞻

倪桂荣   

  1. 台湾交通大学科技法律研究所
  • 收稿日期:2012-07-03 出版日期:2012-11-15 发布日期:2012-11-15
  • 通讯作者: 倪贵荣（1963-），男，台湾桃园县人。台湾交通大学科技法律研究所所长，教授。
  • 作者简介:倪贵荣（1963），男，台湾桃园县人。台湾交通大学科技法律研究所所长，教授。 ①1992年的联合国环境与发展会议还制定了《气候变化纲要公约》(Framework Convention on ClimateChange, FCCC)供参与国签署；通过著名的《环境与发展宣言》(简称《里约宣言》)(The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development)以及不具拘束力的《里约森林原则》(Nonlegally Binding Authoritative Statement of Principles for a Global Consensus on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable Development of All Types of Forests)、《21世纪议程》(Agenda 21)。

Retrospect and Prospect of Convention on Biological Diversity

NI Gui-rong   

  • Received:2012-07-03 Online:2012-11-15 Published:2012-11-15

被引次数

8

摘要： 从国际环境法的角度检视《生物多样性公约》过去20年法律体制与规范的进展，运用历史分析、文献分析与个案比较研究方法，就其演进的法律内涵进行探究，可对其做综合性评估。该公约的主要目标包括“保护生物多样的工作”以及“永续利用其成分”，“公平合理分享由利用遗传资源而生之利益”等。《生物多样性公约》制定生效后，其缔约国大会不断讨论如何制定规则来落实公约相关条款。该公约在国际上的地位越来越重要，但其除了要求各国提交国家报告外，还不能利用所谓的遵约机制强迫各国达成公约义务。

关键词: 生物多样性, 国际环境法, 《生物多样性公约》, 《波昂准则》

Abstract: Through historical analysis, literature analysis and case comparison, the paper comprehensively assesses Convention on Biological Diversity as an international environmental law by looking into the evolution of its system, norm and connotation in the past 20 years. The Convention has 3 main goals: the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits from the use of genetic resources. Since the Convention was established and came into force, Conference of the Parties has never stopped discussing how to set down effective laws to enhance its implementation. While the Convention is deemed as increasingly important, however, the contracting parties are only required to submit national reports rather than enforced to fulfill Convention obligations by the socalled compliance mechanism.

Key words: international environmental law, system and norm, Convention on Biological Diversity, Convention obligations

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