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上海大学学报(社会科学版)

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包容性体制创新论 ——关于中国改革、两岸整合和新普世文明的理论探讨

  

  1. 清华大学中国经济研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2012-06-01 出版日期:2012-09-15 发布日期:2012-09-15
  • 作者简介:常修泽（1945），男，山东省惠民县人。清华大学中国经济研究中心研究员，国家发展和改革委员会宏观经济研究院教授、博士生导师，中国经济学术基金(香港)学术委员会副秘书长。主要研究方向：制度创新理论、人本体制理论、广义产权理论、中国发展转型理论。

Inclusive Innovation of System
——Theoretical Study on Chinese Reform, Crossstrait Integration

  • Received:2012-06-01 Online:2012-09-15 Published:2012-09-15

摘要：

从全球角度看，中国在转轨和发展过程中面临的问题，有些是与世界其他转轨国家相同的，有些是其他转轨国家所没有的，还有一些问题是带有世界关联性的。基于此，作者以老子《道德经》中的“知常容，容乃公”思想为基础，从制度文明的角度，论证了“包容性体制创新”的理论观点。 “包容性体制创新”这一新命题,涉及的是制度经济学领域的相关问题，其实质是在认识并尊重客观规律的基础上，以“海纳百川，有容乃大”的“包容性”胸怀寻求公平正义，通过构建更大范围和更高境界的制度治理框架，来促进包括中国在内的转轨国家的制度创新以及人类文明的进步。按照“包容性体制创新”的思想，该文提出构建三个制度文明“大屋顶”的设想：其一，整合各种改革力量，在“市场化和社会公平双线均衡”的基础上，构建中国改革的制度文明“大屋顶”；其二，包容两岸和平发展的力量，在理性务实的基础上，构建两岸共同“聚兴中华”的制度文明“大屋顶”；其三，吸收西方和东方文明的精华，在多元文明交融的基础上，构建当代“新普世文明”的制度文明“大屋顶”。 “包容性体制创新”需逐步实施，其中第一个“大屋顶”的实施，重在建立四个制度支柱：（1）产权体制创新：包容“国有”与“民营”；（2）分配体制创新：包容“国富”与“民富”；（3）可持续发展体制创新：包容“天”、“地”与“人”；（4）社会管理体制创新：包容“民生”与“民主”。在实施过程中，应注意防止“权贵”和“民粹”两种倾向。

关键词: 包容性体制, 体制创新, 制度文明, 多元文明交融, 新普世文明

Abstract:

Viewed from a global perspective, the problems that China has been facing during the transition and development process include some shared by other countries in transition, some unique to China and some intricate internationally. Based on this, the author, inspired by Lao Tze' s thought in Tao Te Ching that "knowledge of nature nurtures inclusiveness, and inclusiveness produces unselfishness", puts forward and elaborates on a proposal of "inclusive innovation of system" in view of system civilization. "Inclusive innovation of system" is a new proposition related to institutional economics. Its essence is to understand and respect objective laws, to seek justice with a "tolerant" mind like the sea in "empty sea, tolerance is a great", to construct a more open and advanced system management framework, to promote the system innovation of transition countries including China and to contribute to the development of human civilization.

Holding the idea of "inclusive innovation of system", the author suggests to build three "large roofs" of system civilization: the first one is that of Chinese reform based on the integration of various reform forces and "the balance between marketization and social justice"; the second one is that of crossstrait harmony based on the unity of crossstrait forces for peace and the principle of being rationally pragmatic; the third one is that of "new universal civilization" based on the absorption of the essence of western and eastern civilization as well as the fusion of multiple civilization.
The "inclusive innovation of system" should be realized step by step. Among the three "large roofs", the construction of the first one relies on the establishment of four supporting systems: (1) an innovative system of property rights to protect both stateowned and private property; (2) an innovative system of distribution to make both nation and people rich; (3) an innovative system of sustainable development to respect "universe", "nature" and "man"; (4) an innovative system of social management to value the people' s livelihood and democracy. During the process of innovation, two tendencies to "dignify officials" and to "debase civilians" should be avoided.

Key words: inclusive system, system innovation, system civilization, the fusion of multiple civilizations, new universal civilization

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