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上海大学学报(社会科学版)

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诺贝尔自然科学奖与创新型国家

  

  1. 复旦大学哲学学院
  • 收稿日期:2011-08-21 出版日期:2011-11-15 发布日期:2011-11-15
  • 作者简介: 陈其荣（1939），男，上海市人。复旦大学哲学学院教授、博士生导师，主要研究自然哲学与自然史、科学哲学与科学史、科学技术与社会、自然科学与人文社会科学方法论等。 　

The Nobel Prize in Natural Science and the InnovationType Country

  • Received:2011-08-21 Online:2011-11-15 Published:2011-11-15

被引次数

10

摘要：

大学哲学学院，上海 200433）
　摘要： 拥有较多的诺贝尔自然科学奖获得者和获奖成果是创新型国家的重要标志之一。以“获奖者做出获奖研究工作的所在国家”为标准，通过统计世界各国诺贝尔自然科学奖获得者的人数，发现诺贝尔自然科学奖获得者高度集中于美、英、德、法等主要创新型国家；分析这些创新型国家所具有的以原始性科技创新为国家发展的基本战略取向、独特而富有活力的国家创新体系，拥有培养和造就科学精英的世界一流大学、强大的科研经费投入以及开放、宽松、自由的学术环境等基本内涵，揭示了作为诺贝尔自然科学奖获得者的科学精英进行获奖研究工作的创新机制、社会支持系统；概括和总结了中国向创造型国家迈进所取得的举世瞩目的成就，分析中国建设创新型国家所面临的主要问题和存在的巨大差距；从历史与现实的结合上对“中国为什么与诺贝尔奖无缘”这一问题作了独到的解析，深入揭示了造成中国与国际上创新型国家之差距的主要原因。正视现实，不急于求成，踏实、切实地解决好每一个问题，中国获得诺贝尔自然科学奖将不会是一个梦，中国也一定能够成为世界上创新型国家的一颗冉冉升起的新星。
关键词：

关键词: 诺贝尔自然科学奖, 创新型国家, 国家创新体系, 当代李约瑟难题, 基础研究

Abstract:

The Nobel Prize in Natural Science and the InnovationType Country(School of Philosophy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433)Abstract： It is one of the most important signals of the innovationtype country to possess a lot of Nobel Prize winners in natural science and prize achievements. This essay, by taking the "countries where winners work out their prize achievement" as the criteria, has a statistical investigation of the number of the Nobel Prize winners in natural science all over the world. The result reveals that these winners concentrate highly on such principal innovationtype countries as the United States, Britain, Germany and France. And for these innovationtype countries, the essay has a detailed analysis of their original innovation in science and technology, which has been considered as the basic strategic orientation of the state development, as the national innovation system that is not only distinctive but also full of vitality, as the possession of the topgrade universities in the world that can train and bring up scientific elites, as the powerful input of the research fund, and as the academic environment of opening, relaxation and freedom. And then, the essay goes further to disclose their creative mechanism and supporting system of the society, in which those scientific elites as the Nobel Prize winners are working. By summing up China' s achievements of the worldwide attention in the process of going into the creative country, and having an analysis of the main problem and big difference existing in China' s doing so, especially the problem of "why China has nothing with the Nobel Prize" from the perspective of combing history with reality, the essay also has a deep probe into the main reason why there is such a big difference between China and the western countries. The author considers that it will not be a dream for China to have a Nobel Prize in natural science. So long as it faces up to reality, being patient for success and solving effectively every problem, China will be sure to become a new rising star that shines in the worldwide innovationtype countries.
 

Key words: Nobel Prize in natural science, innovationtype country, nnovationoriented country, national innovation system, contemporary "Needham Problem", basic study

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