关键词: 马克思主义美学；美学的哲学基础；实践存在论美学

Abstract:

  In recent years, a debate on "practical ontology" or "practical existence" has been going on in such fields as philosophy, aesthetics and literary theories, thus forming two kinds of clearly oppositional standpoints of actively promoting and firmly opposing, and main representatives including Zhu Liyuan and Dong Xuewen. The debate actually concerns about how to understand the essence of Marxism, and what kind of basis of Marx' s philosophy our aesthetics and literary theories should be based on. In the context of the time, the aesthetics of "practical ontology" or "practical existence" aim at, under the general background of the transformation of philosophical thinking today, getting through the interlinkages between "practice turning" and "existence turning". But Dong Xuewen' s expression of basic standpoints in the aesthetic debate of "practical existence" uncovers his deficiencies in major theoretical issues. Understanding of this point will be helpful in getting rid of misreading of Marx' s philosophy and aesthetics, which is, for a long time, enshrouded by the traditional thinkingway of metaphysics. In this way, we can reinterpret and reunderstand Marx' s practical viewpoint of aesthetics in the text of the time. By denying the aesthetics of "practical existence", Dong Xuewen puts forward his own understanding of Marxist basic principles, which is just a directrepeat or rereiterate of the official, orthodox Marxism of Sovietpattern. It is the thorough monism of dialectical materialism. From the perspective of ontology, its theoretical expression of primary substance or material uniformity, is actually a traditional material substance ontology; and from the perspective of epistemology, its theoretical expression of consciousness being the active reflection of the objective material world, is actually a correspondence epistemology of subjectobject dichotomy; and from the perspective of axiology, its theoretical expression of the objective reflection or recognition of  truth, is actually an objective, neutral, scientific positivism. As an inflexible theoreticalthinking or knowledgepatterns, Marxism of Sovietpattern parasitizes or roots in the tradition of modern metaphysical thought. Therefore，it is a duty for the theoretical scholar to get rid of the dense fog of metaphysics, and go further to get rid of the longterm shroud of Sovietpattern. And "practical existence aesthetics", just in this context, displays a unique theoreticalmeaning and contextualconnotation: really getting rid of the tendency of the practical ontology and the shroud of traditional metaphysics, and opening its theoretical context of postmetaphysics. The theoretical resources and basic ideas are to getting through the linkage in the theoretical horizon between "practical philosophy" and "existential philosophy". In detail, it tries to, between Marx' s practical philosophy and Heidegger' s existential philosophy, establish a sort of domain fusion in dialogue so as to display the implication of the time of "practical turning" and "existential turning" in the context of postmetaphysics.

Key words: Key words： Marxist aesthetics; the philosophical basis of aesthetics; the aesthetics of practical existence