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上海大学学报(社会科学版)

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男性规范、酷儿身份和同性恋欲望 ——英国哥特式小说的男性叙事策略

  

  1. 上海大学外国语学院
  • 收稿日期:2010-03-03 出版日期:2010-09-15 发布日期:2010-09-15
  • 基金资助:

    国家哲学社会科学基金资助项目（06BWW019）

Manly Ideal, Queer Identity and Homoerotic Desire
——The Male Narrative Strategy in the British Gothic Novel

  • Received:2010-03-03 Online:2010-09-15 Published:2010-09-15

摘要：

依据德国文化历史学家乔治·莫斯提出的“男性规范”理论，并以英国哥特式小说的三部“男性哥特”的代表作——霍勒斯·沃波尔的《奥特兰托城堡》、威廉·贝克福德的《瓦塞克》和马修·刘易斯的《修道士》——为研究案例，分析了英国哥特式小说的男性叙事策略。确凿的事实表明，霍勒斯·沃波尔、威廉·贝克福德、马修·刘易斯是“酷儿”，其男性身份存在这样那样的缺陷，分别体现了“同性恋”或“双性恋”的倾向。而在18世纪，英国是一个“异性恋”主导的国家。人们对于“同性恋”产生的憎恨或恐惧，导致上述三位作家成为“身份隐蔽者”，并在心理上产生不同程度的压抑。他们的哥特式小说正是这种不同程度压抑的自然或不自然的反映。英国哥特式小说的男性叙事策略实际上是“同性恋”意识的叙事策略。

关键词:  哥特式小说；男性规范；酷儿身份；同性恋欲望

Abstract:

 This essay, according to George Mosse' s theory of manly ideal, and taking as the study cases the three representative works of Horace Walpole, William Beckford and Matthew Lewis, gives an analysis of the male narrative strategy in the British Gothic novel. The authentic facts indicate that Horace Walpole, William Beckford and Matthew Lewis are queers, whose male identities have suchandsuch inadequacy, each displaying a tendency to homosexuality or bisexuality. And in the eighteenth century, Britain is dominant in heterosexuality. The homophobia prevailing in the society causes the above three authors to be in the closet, thus producing different degrees of repression in their psychology. Their Gothic novels are just a reflection of the repression, in a natural or unnatural way. In conclusion, the male narrative strategy in the British Gothic novel is the one of homosexual consciousness.