2022 Vol.39

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Research on the Legal Basis of Processing Employees’ Personal Information#br# #br# ZHANG Jihong, ZHENG Shukang Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (1): 1-17.   Abstract （1145）            Knowledge map    Save  The context of labor is different from ordinary life. The asymmetry between employers and the employees in terms of economic status and technology cognition can easily damage employees’ personal information rights and interests. The traditional mechanism of “informing and consent” mechanism is facing the predicaments that essential elements exist only in name in real contexts of labor and that the way of judging the legitimacy of processing employees’ personal information gradually shift towards the objective standard of being “necessary”. However, the connotation of “necessary” is vague and principled in the current legislation, which makes it difficult to resolve conflicts of interests between employers and employees. To improve the applicability of “necessary” causes, contextual analysis method is suggested, which takes into account the benefits and risks in information processing activities comprehensively. It is also essential to create specific standards of assessment test according to the legitimacy, necessity and proportionality of the employers’ personal information processing behaviors. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Routes of Improvement in Legal Protection of #br# Citizens’ Information Equity#br# SONG Baozhen Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (1): 18-31.   Abstract （1073）            Knowledge map    Save  Citizens’ information equity, a concept derived from social equity and justice, is an important social interest enjoyed by citizens in acquiring and processing information, including equal access to information, equal use and fair distribution of information and information freedom. Due to various factors such as the competence differences of social entities in the digital life, the explicit discrimination of smart technologies and government and market’s reliance on digital technologies in the decision-making process, citizens’ information imbalance has been increasingly prominent, thus calling for urgent “technology-law” dual regulation. In response to the deficiencies in current legal protection of information equity, such as lack of targeted laws and regulations, the neglect of the appeal for “Digital Human Rights”, deviation from fairness, causes of imbalance and lack of feasible countermeasures, we can take the following measures for improvement. From the macro perspective, we should adhere to the principles of equal protection, preferential protection, timely protection and reasonable protection, and adopt the “right-setting protection” as the main protection mode. From the micro aspect, we should construct a system of rights, which can combine “soft-hard”, “point-surface”, “public-private” and “right-justice” dimensions, and enrich legal relief tools in terms of legal responsibility and judicial remedy. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Animation: Never Lower the Noble Head #br# — On Isao Takahata’s Animation Aesthetics#br# NIE Xinru Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (1): 32-41.   Abstract （1086）            Knowledge map    Save  Isao Takahata was a renowned Japanese animator, who produced a lot of animated films. However, many of the big films he directed could not recover the cost. Here are some reasons. Isao Takahata insisted that animation, as a form of painting, should be expressed through artistic lines instead of formulaic “celluloid animation”. He rejected the subjective viewpoints which put the audience into the shoes of the characters. Rather, he adopted a defamiliarizing multi-dimensional method of expression. He preferred daily life and folk stories to eroticism and violence in the swim. All this has made his works elegant and interesting, and above all, distinct in aesthetics with his personal characteristics. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Is the Real Really So Important?#br# —Reflection on Zizek’s Film Criticism#br# CHEN Linxia Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (1): 42-53.   Abstract （1114）            Knowledge map    Save  As Lacan’s “contemporary successor”, Zizek, in the face of a more stable capitalist ideology, made strong criticism with a force of negation based on Lacan’s later theory of the subject as the Real. In Zizek’s film criticism we can find various terminologies referring to the Real (such as the object “a”, the Thing and symptom), which not only mark the profundity of film texts, but also indicate unique logic and way of thinking. Zizek advanced from Hegel’s external dialectics of mutual recognition of master and servant to Lacan’s internal negative dialectics, showing the power of his intellectual wits. However, as a narrative with complete structure, film has its own basic structure based on daily experience of causality. Profundity is not necessarily the only standard of film art, nor is the case that the deeper film criticisms reveal the the meaning of film texts, the better they become. In this sense, although the Real is of great significance to Lacan and Zizek’s theoretical researches, its importance to film and its criticism is worthy of reflection. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Watching Films: Understanding Media under the Paradigm of Practice and the Imagination Beyond SHEN Hui, QIAN Jiayong Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (1): 54-73.   Abstract （1065）            Knowledge map    Save  This article attempts to propose a practical approach to film/media research, to show that film/medium is not a “fixed” or “unique” concept. Different media practices lead to film/medium particularities in the process of exchanging information and organizing relationships. Due to the particularities, the relationship between the audience and the world is constantly reset by the ever-changing media practice. Different from the traditional communication research, this article holds that film as a medium, is not only a visible video text and an explicit material entity itself, but also an embodiment of the audience’s efforts to establish connection with the outside world through watching moving images. Therefore, film/media research should not only focus on images, but also on how audience achieve“being in the world” through the practice of watching films. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Derivative Risks and Path Transformation of China’s RegTech: Starting from the “Trilemma” of FinTech#br# #br# CHENG Xuejun, Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (1): 74-90.   Abstract （1082）            Knowledge map    Save  The constant development of financial technology (FinTech) has not only brought about changes in financial risks and financial regulation, but also promoted the evolution of regulatory technology (RegTech): from technical regulatory application to regulatory data automation, and further to data-centric algorithm supervision. The “trilemma” theory in the traditional financial context holds that regulators can at best achieve two goals at any given time between financial innovation and development, financial risk prevention and the protection of financial consumers’ rights and interests. However, given the new context of FinTech development, the “trilemma” theory is hardly applicable, thus calling for reconstruction. A detailed analysis of the status quo of China’s RegTech development and its framework system reveals that RegTech gives rise to many risks such as algorithm black box and monopoly, systemic financial risk, consumer privacy invasion and data security risk. In this regard, with the research method of law and finance, the development experience of RegTech in extraterritorial marine law system (United Kingdom) and continental law system (Japan) is compared and analyzed. It is found that “twin peaks regulation” and appropriate innovative regulation are adopted respectively by UK and Japan in coping with the “trilemma”. Based on the findings, some suggestions are given for the transformation of the development path of China’s RegTech. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Regulatory Construction of the Crime of Collecting Illegal Debts in the Context of Field-based Legislation WANG Peng Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (1): 91-104.   Abstract （1110）            Knowledge map    Save  One of the major features of Amendment (XI) to the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China is making targeted legislation on the harmful attributes of various criminal acts in collecting illegal debts. The crime of collecting illegal debts introduced in this revision has the following problems: lack of stereotyped classification of the crime behaviors, confusion in dealing with concurrent relationships with other crimes such as illegal detention, vague definition of illegal debt and conceptual overlapping with other judicial terms like trap loans in the crackdown on gang crimes. All these problems prevent the recognition of key elements and hinder the impunity mechanism. Based on the field characteristics of “collecting illegal debts through illegal means”, this paper clarifies the legal interests of protection against the crime of collecting illegal debts and the key elements constituting the crime from a substantive interpretation. In terms of crime congruence and cooperation, the crime of collecting illegal debts and other crimes like the crime of trespassing on other people’s residence constitute various relationships such as a complementary relationship, an alternative relationship or a combined complementary and alternative relationship. The regulation of collecting illegal debts is not only applicable to usury cases, but also to cases related to the crackdown on the gang crimes like fraud loans and soft violence. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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“Sociologists” in the Epoch of Reconstruction: Their Formation and Academic Responses ZHAO Chaoyue Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (1): 105-120.   Abstract （983）            Knowledge map    Save The resumption and reconstruction of sociology in China produced a group of unique sociologists. As both the witnesses of the social transformations and reconstruction and the earliest academics who produced the sociological disciplinary knowledge, they played a pioneering role in the course of the disciplinary development. The formation of the “sociologists” and their academic responses to social structures and transformations can be explained preliminarily in the light of the constructed analytical framework. Sociology of knowledge and oral history can be adopted as the perspective and method of the further study of the explanation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Bringing the City Back: The Present and Future of Urban Politics WANG Han Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (1): 121-129.   Abstract （1090）            Knowledge map    Save In the current research of urban politics, the problem of “city vacancy” stands out: the city is only regarded as a container to accommodate various economic, political and social issues rather than a structural factor that shapes the above phenomena. The way to change this situation is to regain “Urbanism”—shaping the city as an entity that plays a structural role and taking it as the disciplinary boundary of urban studies. For domestic research on urban politics which is still at an initial stage of mainly introducing western theories, the perspective of “bringing the city back” can lay a solid foundation for the establishment of its own research framework. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Double Dimensions of Global Semiotics: #br# Starting from the Naming and Rhetoric of Plague#br# #br# PENG Jia, YAN Jun Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (1): 130-140.   Abstract （1090）            Knowledge map    Save  Global Semiotics, a conception put forward by Thomas A. Sebeok, is all-encompassing and planetary. Its research objects include all signs of bio-semiosphere. The symptoms, the naming and rhetoric of plagues and writings on them are all important topics in global semiotic studies. Plague is a metaphor of both “pollution” and “crime” in the light of etymology, and designates an isolated, segregated or expelled object in terms of semantics as a result of its metonymic connection with a specified locality or community. Yet, with the development of modern medical science, the naming of and writings on plagues have been reexamined in the all-encompassing and planetary life web which consists of all creatures: human beings, animals, plants, microorganisms, etc.. The meaning generation of plague as a sign is no longer confined to the metaphorical frame in religions, but a topic worthy of further exploration from the perspective of ethic semiotics. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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“Metaverse”: A Future Concept at the Initial #br# Stage of Its Basic Technology JIAN Shengyu Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 1-16.   Abstract （6253）            Knowledge map    Save  “Metaverse” is an inevitable product of the development of virtual reality technology. Humans need to build the “Embodied Internet”, so that the full-simulation of digital transformation in various fields can be achieved in a more integrated form. At present, despite being a future concept at the initial stage of its basic technology, “Metaverse” has demonstrated the necessity and feasibility of building the next-generation Internet. The basic infrastructures, relevant software technologies and application-side content production mechanism involved in “Metaverse” have already taken shape. The upgrading of virtual reality technology has brought human society unprecedented opportunities of transformation as well as potential risks. How to grasp the opportunities, meet the challenges and create new prospects are important targets of the times requiring prudent consideration. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Chinese Approach to Currency Governance in the “Metaverse” YUAN Zeng Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 17-28.   Abstract （6060）            Knowledge map    Save “Metaverse” is a virtual digital space parallel to the physical world established under the conditions of new science and technologies. “Metaverse” differs from the traditional Internet in that its behaviors in the space have real connections with the real society. The value exchange provided by currency is an important logical basis to provide cross-space connections. Currently, digital tokens issued for data platform enterprises to settle transactions in the “metaverse” have certain monetary functions such as price identification, payment and settlement, but due to the decentralized issuers and lack of national credit endorsement, digital tokens always face insurmountable defects such as unstable value, inability to regulate and limited scale. Digital Currency Electronic Payment (DCEP), the digital form of RMB, is backed by Chinese national credit, advantageous in advanced digital technology and data market, credible for its recognition and protection of data rights and interests and in line with the currency governance of the metaverse. To determine the standards of currency governance in the metaverse, it is necessary for China to actively participate in international cooperation, to carry out bilateral and multilateral cooperation on digital currency governance in the form of soft law, and to clarify key compliance standards such as supervision and data protection in the issuance and circulation of DCEP. By strengthening the restrictions on the power of the data platform, we can gradually modernize the DCEP governance system and capacity, so as to seize the commanding heights of the “metaverse ”economic development. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Judicial Blockchain: Values, Goals and Approaches to Realization HAN Xuzhi Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 29-44.   Abstract （6094）            Knowledge map    Save  Judicial blockchain, a new type of trust mechanism, has shown unique value in promoting “governance at the source of litigation”, improving trial efficiency, realizing judicial convenience, deepening judicial openness and strengthening supervision and management. As an important link of “smart justice”, judicial blockchain must inherit the humanistic foundation of traditional justice, adhere to the essential attributes of justice and take the realization of digital justice as its goal. Examining the application scenarios of judicial blockchain from the three dimensions of application value, construction goal and necessity, we can find its problems and risks, such as system security risk, possible new litigation burden, “duplication of construction” and “disconnection between construction and use” to a certain extent. Moreover, some application scenarios are not conducive to rights protection; it may conflict with the attribute of passive neutrality of justice; and some applications can be replaced by other trust mechanisms. Only by adhering to the decentralized and open architecture design, focusing on the protection of human rights, regulating and limiting the multi-dimensional applications of judicial blockchain, and aiming at the benign synergy between judicial blockchain and other trust mechanisms, can we finally realize the values and goals of judicial blockchain. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Genre Film as the Synthesis of Synchronic System and Diachronic Process—Investigating the Formation of the Classical Research Approach to Western Genre Films GUI Lin Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 45-55.   Abstract （6168）            Knowledge map    Save The study of Western genre films started after World War II, pioneered by Bazin who initiated the research of the genre of American westerns. In the 1970s, Thomas Schatz took genre only as a synchronic system, leading to predicaments. After the 1980s, an integrated approach came into being, upholding that genre films must be regarded as the synthesis of synchronic system and diachronic process. In the late 1990s, Film/Genre by Rick Altman and Hollywood Genres by Steve Neale were almost published at the same time, signifying the maturity of the integrated approach. Up till now, the two representative works have still been the most frequently cited books in the study of Western genre films, indicating that it is the classical approach to studying Western genre films from the dual perspectives of synchronic system and diachronic process. Its formation process is a clearer and more profound choice for western researchers to understand genre film as a complex research object, which can also shed light on China’s genre film research. In the current era of intertwining factors of literature, arts, commerce, science, technology and media, the genre film research has still much room to expand. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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“Bodies-in-Space” as Symbols:  Rural-Old-Fathers as “a Mob of Illiterates”  in the 1980s’ Chinese Films from the Perspective of Visual Narrative YU Wanting Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 56-66.   Abstract （6158）            Knowledge map    Save  In Chinese rural films many symbolic rural-old-father images were created to elaborate various rural social relationships, human-land and rural-urban relationships. In the 1980s’ films, rural-old-father images departed from the wise-old-man cultural archetype, changing from heroes of revolution and construction to backward, conservative and need-to-be-enlightened “illiterates”. The symbolic images were made more prominent as the visual narrative was enhanced while language narrative was decreased. As the center of the images of rural-old-fathers, “bodies-in-space” reflected various human-environment contrastive relationships, extending to gender, class, individual/collective, public/private dimensions. Three types of images were portrayed as starting points of analysis: bitter portraits, “bodies-in-workspace”, and “bodies-in-interpersonal space”. Different from Chinese visual tradition, portraits of rural fathers shared such features as large areas of shadow, silence and hidden facial expressions. “Bodies-in-workspace” were images emphasizing bodies in work, while ignoring individual subjectivity. “Bodies-in-interpersonal space” placed “father-son”relationship in a reversed “up-down” spatial one, depicting the rural old fathers as onlookers without discourse power in the opposite position who needed to be enlightened by their sons. “Bodies in space” as symbols facilitated the portrayal of “rural old fathers” as a mob of illiterates, visualizing relevant culture, experience, ideologies and values into the narrative of enlightenment, and as “silent work machines” who contributed to demarcation of the rural-urban boundaries, thus setting examples for cultural geography on the screen.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Narrative Dilemma of New Female Images in Domestic Animated Films SONG Yu Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 67-81.   Abstract （6150）            Knowledge map    Save  Influenced by feminist thoughts and cultural consumption market, the female images in domestic animated films have begun to change. In recent years, a number of animated films with women as narrative subjects have been released one after another, trying to create new female images that reflect the aesthetics of the times by subverting the traditional stereotypes and catering to the market female topics in the swim. However, an in-depth examination reveals that the female images in these films have not broken away from the traditional male discourse system, and the established gender stereotypes still exist. Hence it is still a long way to go for Chinese animation filmmakers to build a broader gender discourse system in the context of globalization, to explore new aesthetics of gender narrative that meets the needs of the times, and to create female images with both personality charisma and aesthetic tension. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The Effect of the Depth of FTAs on Domestic Value-Added Exports ZHAO Jinlong, ZHANG Runqi Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 82-97.   Abstract （6186）            Knowledge map    Save Over the past three decades， the rapid development of global value chains and free trade agreements （FTAs） have become two new features of international trade. The deep FTAs which aim at strengthening “trade policy coordination” among members have gone beyond WTO authorization and exerted a profound influence on value-added trade driven by global value chains. Empirical analysis shows that the depth of FTAs has significant positive effects on both the total trade and value-added trade among member countries. Secondly， FTAs not only enhance the export levels of simple and complex global value-chain trade， but promote value-added export of each sub-items to various degrees. Further study shows gaps in economic levels among FTA members and FTA structures can lead to heterogeneous effects on domestic value added exports. Besides， from the perspective of FTA contents， WTO-X clauses have more important effects on members’ domestic value-added exports. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Overcapacity, State Regulation and Inefficient Investment —Empirical Evidence from A-Share Listed Companies YAN Endian, HOU Minghui, LI Lu Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 98-116.   Abstract （6027）            Knowledge map    Save Taking A-Share listed companies as research samples, this paper constructs overcapacity variables according to the list of backward enterprises with overcapacity in different industries published by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology from 2009 to 2015. The double difference model is employed to investigate the impact of industrial policies on the investment efficiency of the enterprises with overcapacity. It is found that industrial policies have a regulatory effect on the investment efficiency of the enterprises with overcapacity. Further analysis shows that the regulatory effect is more significant on the non-state-owned enterprises, government-business irrelevant enterprises, and enterprises with high concentration of equity. As to the robustness, industrial policy mainly affects investment efficiency through government subsidies and mergers and acquisitions, and the research conclusion is still robust if the explained variable is replaced. The study not only helps us better understand the problem of enterprise overcapacity under the “new normal” of China’s economy and explore the mechanism restricting the investment efficiency of enterprises, but also provides theoretical basis for policy-making in overcapacity cutting, supply-side reform and economic transformation. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Globalization, East-West Dialogue and the Intelligible Community  —From the Perspective of Fran?ois Jullien’s De  l’universel WU You Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 117-129.   Abstract （6048）            Knowledge map    Save With the intensification of global interconnectedness, the world today is featured by a tendency involving both multi-cultural hybridization and the clash of civilizations, leading to a global field with increasing tension. In the age of global mélange, homogenization has established itself as a major force blocking and even burying cultural diversities, whereas the clash of civilizations generated by Western universalism, in the meantime, has become the greatest threat jeopardizing global stability. Fran?ois Jullien elaborates in De l’universel on the three core concepts of the universal (l’universel), the uniform (l’uniforme) and the common (le commun) and their relationships. He criticizes the rigid and stereotyped uniform and hegemonic universalism while advocating “the common” based on the doctrine of “the divergence of thoughts and the dialogism of the mind” which is the ideal direction for the multicultural coexistence and progress. Based on this, he upholds the dialogic construction based upon intelligibility and communicability between cultures. Jullien’s philosophical ideas have provided us with many inspirations. Cultural communication between China and the West should shift from the one-way borrowing model in modern history to the two-way exchange model today and both sides should learn from each other’s “impensé” to set off its weaknesses. The similar strategy could also be applied to reexamine the Chinese culture and affairs from outside (dehors) in today’s globalized and contextualized world, with an ambition to reconstruct Chinese cultural discourse and achieve “common” cultural ideals through the approach of dialogism. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Literary Narration of the Immunity Paradigms in Bio-Politics WANG Jie Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (2): 130-140.   Abstract （5991）            Knowledge map    Save Whether it is the negative bio-politics since “the social contract” theory of Hobbes, or the affirmative bio-politics advocated by political philosophers after Foucault, all could be found in the plague narrative of western literature. What is more meaningful lies in the literary works to conceive a heterogeneous bio-community in accordance with the dual logic of immunity paradigms in bio-politics and the dialectical relationship between semantic differences explored by Esposito. Literary works could vividly present the complexity, subtlety, openness and uncompleted tense of political discourse at stake. Based on the immunity logic and community concept of the bio-politics theory, the paper discusses the contradictions, crises and future prospects of modern bio-politics from the social and historical dimensions of literary research, expecting to bring about enlightenment and reference in constructing new orders for the community in post-epidemic era. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Judicial Application of Punitive Damages for Environmental Torts Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (3): 1-16.   Abstract （187）            Knowledge map    Save  Punitive damages for environmental torts stipulated in the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China, as a means of environmental regulation in the private law, are considered to be conducive to compensating the victims of environmental pollution and punishing and deterring the infringers. However, the system of punitive damages for environmental torts has been questioned in that the boundaries between criminal laws and tort laws have been confused, and judgments are not made in accordance with the established criteria, sometimes even causing unnecessary societal damage, in addition to their limited deterrent effect. In order to apply the system of punitive damages for environmental torts regulated in the Civil Code more effectively to judicial practice, judges should ensure that punitive damages for environmental torts and other legal liabilities for environmental pollution constitute a reasonable legal liability system for environmental torts. The applicable objects of punitive damages for environmental torts should be clarified and restricted. Punitive damages for environmental torts should be implemented in accordance with certain standards. Reasonable judgments on the amount of punitive damages should be made based on individual cases. The punitive damages should be rationally distributed among different subjects. Defendants should be granted with reasonable protection in the cases of punitive damages for environmental torts. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Legal Risks of New Business Forms of Comprehensive Services for Flexible Employment and Coping Strategies Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (3): 17-37.   Abstract （209）            Knowledge map    Save  Affected by the Internet economy and the new concept of employment, flexible employment has surged in Chinese labor markets in recent years, leading to emerging new business forms, models and organizations that can provide one-stop comprehensive services for all parties involved. Compared with other forms of flexible employment, the form of comprehensive services has an edge for handling tax deduction of employer enterprises, reducing the labor cost in the flexible employment market, giving full play to the Internet shared economy and inclusive economy and so on. But meanwhile, since the form of comprehensive services for flexible employment has just emerged without much experience, it has been confronted with rising new problems accompanied by new phenomena, such as vague positioning of the principal parts, inefficient multiple department supervision, increased risks of tax supervision, insufficient and untimely guarantee of labor, and security problems like the leakage and abuse of data. Therefore, it is imperative to enhance the-rule-of-law guided ways of thinking, perfect institutional tools, optimize tax supervision by adopting data-driven governance, promote the establishment of multi-governance coordinated mechanism, update the protection system of labor rights and interests by the “three-way-partitioning method” and standardize the development of the new business form with full-process data and information protection. Coordinated efforts in multiple dimensions and with diverse tools are called for to guarantee the healthy development of the new form of comprehensive services for flexible employment in a scientific manner. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Immersion, Affection and Imagination in Dazzling Interactions— On the Trend of Aesthetic Isomorphism Between Films and Games Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (3): 38-45.   Abstract （138）            Knowledge map    Save The change of screen landscape brought about by in-depth interaction and multi-faceted mutual learning between films and games is of historical significance because it indicates the awakening of film and game commercial consciousness and the adaption to the changing times. From the perspective of speciology, the affinity between films and games stems from the art of imagination, a reflection on reality and a combination of realism and fiction. From the morphological point of view, films and games share a remarkable image-based attribute—intermediality. From the perspective of the study of elements, both established forms of film and game are based on narration. From the psychological point of view, the audience’s addiction to films or games is mainly driven by psychological needs. The aesthetic isomorphism of films and games lies in multitudes of similarities between film and game scripts in terms of aesthetics and established practice. The construction logic and ideographic strategies are roughly the same, and the future narrative, through the node structure, constitutes the pivotal component of both film and game texts. Those types with prominent attributes of actions and strong interactive scenes such as adventure, war and science fiction are the best fields that can provide most opportunities for film-game integration. On the surface, it is the stories, characters and experiences that matches films and games perfectly, but in fact, it is the tacit sharing and in-depth matching of the cultural logic between the two that works. Film-game integration reflects the strong aspiration for the grafting and symbiosis between movies and games, and also confirms its possibility. In the context of mobile Internet where complex and various media modalities coexist, the mediality of films and games tend to be noumenon-oriented. The interactions, mutual penetration and aesthetic isomorphism between the two signify a unique sight of deep film-game integration in the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Imagination and Narrative Mechanism of Film-Game Adapted Cross-media Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (3): 46-56.   Abstract （146）            Knowledge map    Save Film-game adaptation in the Internet age has a great influence on the reform and theoretical reconstruction of imagination aesthetics. Fruitful practice of cross-media production like this enriches theoretical construction of imagination. Film-game adaptation, by advantage of media transcoding, inter-media text structure, progression mechanism, interactive narrative of role-playing, and the identity coding and community identity of the audience’s participation, has enabled the net generation audience to build an aesthetic ideology exclusive to the human community while realizing individual identity coding and re-tribalization. All of this indicates the arrival of an era of cross-media imagination, which is of great significance to the development and integration of film-game industry as well as the enrichment and perfection of the film creation types and film ecology. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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On Cinematic Imagination and Imagination Consumption in the Post-Cinema Era Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (3): 68-77.   Abstract （190）            Knowledge map    Save Imagination as psychic or subjective ability, put into films, means spiritual capability of creating new meaning for the cinema. The imagination of cinema involves two basic propositions in film theory: “how cinema imagines”, and “how cinema affects the audience” or in other words, “how the audience appreciate or imagine cinema”. On the first level, the analogy between cinema and mind has appeared since Hugo Münsterberg, according to whom mimagination, as the secret mechanism of human mind, is an important dimension in interpreting the ontology and effect of film as media. On the second level, compared with other artistic media such as literature, cinema is criticized as depriving the audience’s imagination because of its isomorphism with consciousness and its image-bearing characteristics. Abstract, experimental and avant-garde art films and imaginative fantasy films are the two genres that could improve the audience’s imagination participation. In the digital age, the increasingly diversified cinema forms and new ways of cinema viewing and consumption enable the viewers to be collaborators and prosumers （producer-consumers）, thus providing a new means of engaging the audience’s imagination or imagination consumption in the post-cinema era. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Aesthetic Experience and Consumption Practice:Back to the Theoretical Starting Point of Film Imagination and Consumption Aesthetics Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (3): 68-77.   Abstract （0）            Knowledge map    Save Imagination consumption aesthetics is an aesthetic theory formed through the extreme development of imagination aesthetic practice and consumption practice in the modern industrial society. Under this theory, aesthetics and consumption have moved from a relationship of being independent of each other to a lasting, open and integrated one, based on which an interdependent theoretical discourse system has come into being. The occurrence of imagination consumption aesthetics opens another middle-level theoretical path of knowledge paradigm apart from film aesthetics and consumer aesthetics. Together with film industry aesthetics, it engages in the study of discourse relationship between film and society and the integrated development between film and history. It provides valuable reference to theoretical experience and a different research path for the development of Chinese cinematic schools of thoughts and the construction and enrichment of Chinese academic discourse system. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Double Gaze and Potential World: Gaze Theory in Video Games Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (3): 78-89.   Abstract （238）            Knowledge map    Save Despite the shift from “watching films” to “playing games” nowadays, it is still the gaze as the metaphysical foundation that makes game-playing possible. Since the study of Foucault and Merleau-Ponty, gaze has not only been considered as simply an isolated act of viewing, but also as a power, a power that constructs the order of the external world and things  on the one hand and incorporates the corporal subjects into the order of the world on the other. In the world of video games, this gaze is twofold: the embodied gaze of the player in front of the screen and the virtualized gaze of the game character. The world order of the game is established in accordance with the twofold gaze. The dialectical relationship between the embodied and virtualized gaze constitutes the ontological precondition that makes game-playing possible. However, if one goes deeper into the world of the game, he will find that that embodied gaze becomes a repetition in the Deleuzian sense, which generates a discontinuous plane of immanence where the relationship between the two gazes is reversed, i.e. the play process in which the embodied gaze controls the virtualized gaze is flipped into an embodied affective relationship, thus opening up a space of potential worlds for the real subject. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Video Game as Game of Truth—Following Foucault’s Textual Context to Explore the Possibility of the Construction of Ludo-philosophy Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (3): 90-102.   Abstract （206）            Knowledge map    Save In today’s increasingly gamified world, the relationship between games and life is becoming increasingly close, even inseparable. On the positive side, it is a great opportunity to reflect on life and society through the lens of games. But on the negative side, it also raises serious and even critical questions for philosophical reflection, namely how to persuade and guide players to break away from the control of game devices through reflection in games. In this respect, the concept of game of truth proposed by Foucault in his middle and late period has profound enlightenment. On the one hand, he shows the transformation from power to governance, and then reveals two key points in governance: the guidance of soul and the relationship between the self and others. On the other hand, he shows the transformation of the game of truth from the political one to the philosophical one, during which persuasion becomes a key point. How to achieve philosophical persuasion like Socrates, rather than just succumb to intellectual persuasion, is an important clue to guiding the future of video games towards philosophical games. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Commensurable Bodies in Video Games: Systematic Coupling of Human and Machine Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (3): 103-113.   Abstract （141）            Knowledge map    Save By reviewing Wiener’s original intention to develop cybernetics and the media history of Licklider’s designing of militarized air defense systems, we will discover the hidden ergonomic testing structure of today’s Action Role-playing Games （ARPG） . The prototype of this test structure was the SAGE air defense system and the user graphical interface. During the highly frequent human-machine interaction, each set of negative feedback regulation systems within humans and machines can adapt to each other. This ergonomic testing structure based on the designing concept of turning the user into an extension of the machine, combines the commensurability of computer hardware and the reversibility of the physical body to form a larger feedback loop. ARPGs, advancing with market development, instead, turn out to be an digital media art, in which authors express their aesthetic appeal and value judgement. In order to help players achieve “Game Discipline”, Hidetaka Miyazaki revealed through Bloodborne that the utilitarian design exploits excessively game players’ consciousness. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Predicaments of Urban Community Governance andTheir Root Causes in the Perspective of Role Theory—A Case Study of L Community of L City Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (3): 114-128.   Abstract （203）            Knowledge map    Save At present, with the establishment of more green and intelligent communities, community governance becomes an important part of social governance. However, as different regions vary significantly in level of development, culture, resources and so on, different communities are plagued, to various degrees, with conflicts and frictions among interactive roles such as owners’ committees, property management companies, residential committees and residents. From the perspective of role theory, these predicaments include the inaction of the original owners’ committee and the difficulty in re-electing the new committee members, unsatisfactory attitude and poor services of the property management company and increasing complaints from the community residents in the case of the L Community of L City. The root causes can be explained in the following aspects: consensus could not be reached because roles from different entities stuck to their own stance and disagreed with each other; the role played by the residents’ committee was marginalized; the communication mechanism, with its original functions diminishing, turned out to be a platform for residents to express their anger. To sum up, since subjects of each party in the L Community failed to perform corresponding behaviors and responsibilities in accordance with due rules, conflicts arose as the gap between the expected higher quality and the reality widened, causing uncertainties to the building of a harmonious community. Therefore, it is imperative in community governance to strengthen role defining and identification of each subject, take actions in strict accordance with the role norms, and enhance role identity among different subjects. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Influence Mechanism of Population Aging on Industrial Structural Upgrading and Regional Differences Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (3): 128-140.   Abstract （264）            Knowledge map    Save China’s high-quality economic development is facing double challenges of population aging and industrial structure upgrading. The upgrading of industrial structure can be perceived from two dimensions: service upgrading and technological upgrading. Based on the panel data from 30 provinces （cities, autonomous regions） across the country from the year 2000 to 2019, the influence of population aging on the upgrading of industrial structure among different regions is analyzed in terms of production and consumption from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. The results show: （1）Population aging significantly promotes the servitization and technologicalization of the industrial structure and influences the upgrading of the industrial structure through four intermediary variables: labor scale, labor quality, consumption level and government expenditure. （2）The impact and the ways of impact are significantly different among different regions. （3）With the deepened economic development, financialization and urbanization, the direction and intensity of the influence of population aging on the upgrading of industrial structure will change accordingly. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Institutional Arrangement of Accelerating the Construction of a Unified National Market on Land Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (4): 1-16.   Abstract （189）            Knowledge map    Save Accelerating the construction of a unified national market on land is an important part of building a unified national market. At present, the imbalance between the land property right system and the planned allocation of land resources in China is mainly reflected in the following aspects. On the one hand, urban land and rural land are clearly demarcated; rural collective land has no right to use land for construction; rural land as a residential lot has no usufruct nor security interests; and the rural land has been excessively requisitioned. All this has led to the inequality for farmers to share the fruits of industrialization and urbanization. On the other hand, long-term planned allocation of land resources has caused serious deviation of the distribution of urban and rural construction land from that of population, low scale level of urban and per capita construction land, and unbalanced allocation and utilization structure of urban construction land between different regions and cities. To accelerate the construction of a unified national market on land, in terms of property rights, it is necessary to fully implement the spirit of equal protection of property rights in accordance with Book Two Real Rights in the Civil Code, empowering the same rights and function to both collective and state-owned land. In terms of the mode of resource allocation, it is necessary to fully implement the spirit held by the central government in ensuring the market-based allocation of factors of land, accelerating the transformation from planned land management to market-based allocation. Meanwhile, it is essential to correctly handle the relationship between market-determined allocation and government planning, give better play to the role of the government and reform the current land use regulation system. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Posthumanism at a Crossroads:Dangerous Vision, “Broken Earth” and the Search for Better Pathways Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (4): 17-33.   Abstract （176）            Knowledge map    Save In the new work Facing Gaia, Latour proposes the New Climatic Regime that further advances his idea of Actor-Network Theory(ANT), using the concept “waves of action” to activate material processes and suggesting that agency lies in the union of environment and organism. In this regard, Latour undoubtedly erases the distinction between material processes and organisms, emphasizing that a distinction must be made between actors and agents, with the former having intentionality, while the latter merely expressing the stakes in a metaphorical way. In response to Latour’s attempt to sociate Science and Religion in the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS), we should notice that the power of disconfirmation cannot be ignored, and that so-called facts are constructed in the midst of social, political, and scientific debates and contests. What is more alarming is that the “earthbound” versus “humans” dichotomy by Latour does not really bring about any positive change after erasing all authorities, nations, and states. In this sense, N.K. Jemisin’s science fiction trilogy “Broken Earth” is like a concrete experiment of Latour’s thought. By analyzing the intentional Earth, the struggle of social, political, economic and emotional forces under extreme conditions, we conclude that Latour’s vision is extremely dangerous. Acknowledging the specificity of living organisms as distinct from material processes, creating a new framework that initiates the unity of all life forms and opens the opportunity to build alliances between humans and non-humans might be a better pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The New Orientations of  Mainstream Culture of Chinese Films  and Possibilities of Genre Changes in the Post-epidemic Era Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (4): 34-41.   Abstract （211）            Knowledge map    Save In the post-epidemic era, the orientation of mainstream culture of Chinese films may undergo new changes. Firstly, a unique and powerful Chinese voice—“a community of shared future for mankind” will be emphasized from different perspectives; secondly, the theme of safeguarding world peace will be strengthened and deepened; thirdly, China’s core value system will be adhered to and the fine part of Chinese culture will be inherited and carried forward; fourthly, revolutionary genes will be  amplified and revolutionary romanticism and heroism will be vigorously promoted. Influenced by the new orientations of mainstream culture, Chinese genre films may change accordingly. Disaster films, ethical films, science fictions, martial arts and action films in particular will experience adjustments or reconstruction. Meanwhile, with the adjustments and transformation of genre films, we should also see the images with great visual impact created by high technologies. New narrative techniques such as “time travel”, network communication and online commentary among others may also bring various new opportunities of integration and disadvantages. Therefore, it is taken for granted that supervision will be strengthened and the commercial operation of the network will be standardized. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Discrimination of Historical Facts and Reflection on Historical Views—Revisiting the “Fifth Generation” Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (4): 42-51.   Abstract （181）            Knowledge map    Save A preference for the “Fifth Generation” is present in the researches of Chinese film history. Revisiting the “Fifth Generation” calls for discriminating historical facts and reflecting on historical views. To discriminate historical facts, it means rethinking the differences between narrow and broad sense of the “Fifth Generation”, analyzing the multiple influences on the “Fifth Generation” from the perspective of a holistic perspective, and fully understanding the complexities and contradictions within the “Fifth Generation”. To reflect on historical views, it means reflecting on the preference for the “Fifth Generation”  in “rewriting film history” and on the selectivity, purpose and instrumentality of the writing of film history. Only in this way can “the rewriting of film history” become convincing, capable of restoring history and a history with penetrating thought. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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How Government R&D Subsidies Affect Enterprise Innovation—Empirical Evidence from the Panel Data of Chinese Listed Companies from 2007 to 2020 Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (4): 52-70.   Abstract （169）            Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the Chinese government has provided massive research and development（R&D）support to enterprises. How to improve the subsidy efficiency and promote enterprise innovation has become a hot-spot issue. This paper divides R&D subsidies into two types: pre-subsidy and post-subsidy. Based on the data of Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2020, the paper compares the incentive effects of the two types of subsidies and analyzes the impact of post-subsidy intensity on innovation output by PSM and GPSM methods. The empirical research shows that the enterprises receiving both types of subsidies had higher innovation output than those receiving only one; the higher the post-subsidy intensity, the higher the innovation output; for state-owned enterprises or the enterprises in developed region, only post-subsidies promoted the innovation output, while for private enterprises or the enterprises in less developed areas, both types of subsidies promoted enterprise innovation. It is concluded that R&D subsidies can stimulate enterprise innovation, but different subsidy types have different incentive effects on different enterprises in different regions. The government should treat them differently and implement targeted policies. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Approach to Improving the Input Performance of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research: Achievable Goals Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (4): 71-86.   Abstract （131）            Knowledge map    Save The research on how to improve the input performance of the research of social sciences and humanities is scarce. Based on the provincial panel data of the social sciences and humanities research provided by the Ministry of Education, the paper puts forward a new performance analysis and improvement framework of input factors. Firstly, SBM super efficiency model is used to measure the performance, and the best input with full efficiency is taken as the improvement direction. Then, the performance of input factors is analyzed based on the simultaneous equation model. Finally, BP artificial neural network is used to test the robustness and conduct auxiliary analysis. The results show that the pure technical efficiency is relatively low, the scale efficiency is relatively high and the efficiency has declined in recent years; the R&D fund performance is lower than that of R&D labor force; the contribution of R&D funds improves rapidly in the case of achievable goals, but it is still lower than that of the R&D labor force; there is still a big gap in R&D input performance between the current situation and the situation under achievable goals. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mass Line as a Work Method— The Practice of CPC Cadres’ Participation in Physical Labor in 1957 and Its Influence Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (4): 87-107.   Abstract （194）            Knowledge map    Save By 1956, three major socialist transformations had been basically completed in China. In the same year, the convening of the Eighth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) marked the establishment of the socialist system, signifying that New China began to enter a period of all-round socialist construction. From 1957 the CPC began to repeatedly underscore that although a decisive victory had been secured on the economic front, thorough socialist transformation on the political and ideological fronts were needed for the adaptation to the all-round development and advancement of socialist construction. Therefore, in the process of carrying out the Rectification Movement, the CPC constantly mobilized leading cadres at all levels to take part in physical labor and reiterated the importance of the mass line in overcoming bureaucracy, sectarianism and subjectivism in the hope of properly handling contradictions among the people while further strengthening and closing the relationship between the party and the masses. This historical practice of reconstructing the mass line as a work method reflected the CPC’s conscientious and complex efforts in dealing with the crises and challenges in the process of socialist construction. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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“The Urbanites of the Yore”: Lineage Residences and Interactions in Western Zhou Dynasty from the Perspective of Urban Space Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (4): 108-123.   Abstract （228）            Knowledge map    Save In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the cities directly under the royal administration were often the centers for lineage settlements. Judging from both unearthed inscriptions and archaeological sites, we can tell that during the period from the mid to late Western Zhou Dynasty, lineage settlements were formed within several important regions around the capital, such as Zheng, Feng, and Zhou (also called Qi). These regions had acquired distinctive traits of a city, becoming important places home to multiple lineages. This phenomenon of lineage clustering in cities was often associated with the migration of clan branches to serve the political and administrative needs of the royal family. The lineages as clan branches living in the cities kept patriarchal relations with the original clan family, but undertook administrative duties assigned by the royal family from generation to generation. An aristocratic social network even came into being due to the marriages among the lineages living within the same city. The introduction of an urban spatial perspective to examine lineage interactions in the cities reflects the fact that while cities in the Western Zhou dynasty served important ceremonial and administrative functions, they also provided important living and social space for the clans as they were home to the lineages as clan branches. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Classifying Rules of Behavior for Personal Information Processing in the Perspective of Trust Relationship Journal of Shanghai University (Social Science Edition)    2022, 39 (4): 124-140.   Abstract （145）            Knowledge map    Save Given that personal information processing involves a variety of different behaviors throughout the process of information flow and that the risks of specific information processing behaviors change as processing scenes vary, the difficulty of forming a unified standard of rules of behavior increases. To formulate a unified standard, it is necessary to correct the misleading orientation that the current rules of behavior for personal information processing lack classification so as to reconstruct the trust relationship between individuals and personal information processors. In formulating rules of behavior for personal information processing, we should take the ways of realizing the validity of legal rules as the standard of classification while taking into consideration the content and scope of specific fiduciary duties in information relationships. The rules of behavior should include three types: should-do mode, not-to-do mode and can-do mode. The interpretation of the typology of the rules of behavior for personal information processing in The Personal Information Protection Law of China should see that throughout the process of information processing, personal information processors should take the obligations of notification and security protection under the should-do mode, meet the automatic decision-making requirements under the not-to-do mode and make flexible, scene-based guidance and incentive measures under the can-do mode, thus forming a multi-law co-governance under rules, standards and industrial conventions. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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