Abstract: China’s high-quality economic development is facing double challenges of population aging and industrial structure upgrading. The upgrading of industrial structure can be perceived from two dimensions: service upgrading and technological upgrading. Based on the panel data from 30 provinces （cities, autonomous regions） across the country from the year 2000 to 2019, the influence of population aging on the upgrading of industrial structure among different regions is analyzed in terms of production and consumption from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. The results show: （1）Population aging significantly promotes the servitization and technologicalization of the industrial structure and influences the upgrading of the industrial structure through four intermediary variables: labor scale, labor quality, consumption level and government expenditure. （2）The impact and the ways of impact are significantly different among different regions. （3）With the deepened economic development, financialization and urbanization, the direction and intensity of the influence of population aging on the upgrading of industrial structure will change accordingly.

Key words: population aging, upgrading of industrial structure, influence mechanism, regional difference