Table of Content

15 March 2012, Volume 29 Issue 2

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Articles

The Drafting of the Future International Climate Regime:
From the Copenhagen Accord to the Cancún Accords

2012, 29(2):  1-13. 

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Global climate change has aroused extensive concern in the international community, given rise to different international organizations and catalyzed various international climate change regimes. These regimes play a pivotal and decisive role in relieving the threat of international climate change: a structuring role and the revitalizing role of a driving force, which makes different positions progress in negotiation processes and allows the set up of an international consensus and the promotion of more ambitious climate policies such as the Copenhagen Accord and the Cancún Accords. While the Copenhagen Accord involves commitment to drastically reduce GHG emissions so as to hold temperature increase below or at the 2°C threshold, the Cancún Accords concretize this goal and calls for a new 1.5°C threshold. The post2012 international climate regime must respect the equity principle, the common but differentiated responsibilities principle (CBDR principle) and bring together the whole of major GHG emitters including the United States and major developing emitters. Essentially speaking, the Measurement, Reporting, and Verification system (MRV system) in the Cancún Accords is replacing observance and is thus a quite different regime than the existing.

On Crises and Choices Chinese Films Face in the 21st Century

2012, 29(2):  15-31. 

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Chinese modern films in the 21st century have marched on among many choices while becoming more and more capable in adaptation and selfadjustment. As the main support of Chinese modern films, film politics, culture and commerce now face vital crises and new options. When film biographies are to glorify heroes and models, arts are making unprincipled compromise to politics; when consumption culture flourishes, films are carrying on multiple responsibilities to exploit the market, lead the trend, express emotions, etc. It is by no means proper for films, however, to simply act as the weather vane of business, entertainment and fashion or to be a selfrighteous ropewalker among commercialism, currentism and authorism. Chinese movie blockbusters, inspired by Hollywood "highconcept" movies, are abundant in categories, strong in audiovisual impact, rich in imagination, vivid in description, distinctive in imageportray, delicate in production and sufficient in expressiveness. Given all these features, it is necessary to develop Chinese movie blockbusters to win the fierce competition in international markets, to promote the prosperous development of Chinese movies and to end the war against other mass media such as TV series, videos and internet in a victory.

From Urban to Rural: the Politics of Space in Current Taiwan Films

2012, 29(2):  32-39. 

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Slogging through all the bleakness and agony, the Taiwan film finally regains a new life and has becomes a highlight of recent Chinese films. Taking the urban crisis as the breakthrough point, the current Taiwan film reflects on the island layout and space planning which are associated with native Taiwanese consciousness. With the economic development of tourism, the "sense of place" in the movies has been strengthened as never before and obtained a unique position during the "replanning" of globalized economy. Such development of economy has gradually exerted political influence and aroused variation in local political forces. Limited by the island's political reality, however, the Taiwan film has never truly served as "a small medium" to express "political dissent".

A Study of the Differences Between Legislations on Fossil Energy and Renewable Energy

2012, 29(2):  40-52. 

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There are many problems as well as large space to improve in the law logos and laying out of legislations on fossil energy and renewable energy. To avoid the "synchronicity predicament" the two closelyrelated legislation areas that may encounter in the course of development，it is necessary to analyze the article attributes of fossil energy and renewable energy respectively and therefore, to find out the differences between legislations on them. Since fossil energy is with distinct private article attribute, its legislation should be conducted with the real right system as the logical starting point and focus on the connection and complement of real right and executive power. As to renewable energy which is of public article attribute, its legislation should be carried out with executive power as the basic endogenous variable and dominant factor.

Suggestions for Legislative in Term of Subsidies on Trade in Services under the Framework of WTO

2012, 29(2):  53-62. 

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In light of the fact that subsidies on trade in services are extensive and may have distortive influences on service trade, it is essential to develop and perfect multilateral disciplines on them. Discussions on service subsidies in the WTO mainly cover exchange of information required by Article XV, proposals made by members in multilateral negotiation and information contained in the Trade Policy Reviews (TPRS). Since there is no standard definition of service subsidy under present law, WTO members have different views on what to be shared and the information exchange turns out to be a failure. On the other hand, the TPRSbased data on subsidies are somewhat biased and limited. As to negotiation on subsidies of trade in services, no great headway has yet been made and the members remain contentious on some key issues, especially what are "subsidies on trade in services" and "subsidies on trade distortion". It is suggested that new disciplines be established on the timehonored rules of subsidies on goods trade with some adjustments in view of the differences between service and goods. In more detail, the definition and categorization of subsidy in Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM agreement) can be adopted while the distinctions between legal export subsidies and actual export subsidies are eliminated. The affected WTO members may have recourse to the WTO dispute settlement mechanism, the rules and procedures for which can be directly borrowed from SCM agreement. But from both a policy and technical viewpoint, the consideration of countervailing mechanism might appear undesirable. As it is essential for developing countries to grant export subsidies to promote service trade, the prohibition of export subsidies shall not be applied to developing countries for a certain period and never to the least developed countries. In addition, it is proposed that subsidies to mitigate the digital divide and reduce dependency on service export be free from the jurisdiction of the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM).

Evangelism and Fundamentalism in American Politics:
With a Comparative Reference to Islamic Fundamentalism

2012, 29(2):  63-77. 

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As a major traditional religion of the United States, evangelism mainly developed in the nineteenth century. In early 20th century, the radical fundamentalism gradually separated from evangelism with the conflict between fundamentalism and modernism. Meanwhile, new evangelism, as a branch of new tradition, opened a new stage of contemporary evangelism. Since the 1970s, new Christian rightwing has become the main embodiment of evangelist tradition in recent times, with the Moral Majority and Christian Coalition as the two most influential organizations. Evangelism is widely involved in American political issues like homosexuality, abortion, and school prayer. It even directly intervenes in American presidential election and its foreign policy. The coalition between evangelism and Republican Party, in particular, presents a feature of theocracy. However, compared with Islamic fundamentalism, evangelism has transformed from extreme fundamentalism to broader religious conservatives, whose political behavior is more participation than violence. The reasons are mainly twofold: American religious individualism tradition is one, but the fundamental difference between the United States and the Islamic world is the most important.

The Practical Understanding of Practice: Bourdieu's Theory of Practice

2012, 29(2):  87-98. 

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Pierre Bourdieu' s social theory is often named as a Theory of Practice. However, no clarification has ever been made of the role of practice in Bourdieu. This paper traces the representative works which have established Bourdieu and draws the conclusion: Different from the analytically instrumental concepts of habitus, field and capital, practice is both ontological and epistemological in the idea of Bourdieu. Ontological practice, presented as space and time, automaticity, purposiveness, urgency, and etc., is related to the agents' social being. Epistemological practice refers to an epistemological reflection different from the traditional understanding of practice. This reflection mainly employs body knowledge, historical sense and symbol alchemy, and it naturally presents the ontology practice without losing its richness. By restoring the original color of Bourdieu's theory of practice, one will see his effort to overcome the subjectobject and structureaction binary oppositions. Besides, the realistic social significance and historical development of the corresponding disciplines' theory also get the highlight.

One Method to Further Study Chinese Literature in JapaneseOccupied Areas
——Synchronic Colonial Institutional Differences in East Asia/Diachronic Observation Through Changes of Times

2012, 29(2):  99-109. 

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Literature in Japaneseoccupied areas is an important part of Chinese literature in the first half of the 20th century, which sprouted and bloomed in the colonial context of East Asia. When the national order was restored through nearly 20 years' effort, the literature in Japaneseoccupied areas, which had been ignored for half a century, began to attract attention from new Chinese literary study. However, it is a pity that related researches were too sketchy to offer a synchronic description. To probe into Chinese literature in Japaneseoccupied areas and objectively investigate the literature in the Republic of China, the region partition and stagnant development caused by Japan's aggression against China must be considered and further study should be carried out in views of synchronic colonial institutional differences and diachronic changes of times.

On the Relationship Between Literary Men' s Lives in Qing Dynasty as Private Tutors and GrassRoots Writing
——Taking Pu Songling as the Study Case

2012, 29(2):  110-120. 

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Renowned as a litterature, Pu Songling worked as a private tutor throughout his life. He took such a job both to support himself and to spare time for the Imperial Examinations at the provincial level, but he failed at each trial and ended up as a private tutor at the bottom of the scholar stratum. Beginning his grassroots writing mainly because of the failure in the Imperial Examinations, Pu Songling actually reflected in his works the subsistent states of private tutors in Qing Dynasty who were hopelessly mediocre, unemploymentthreatened and povertystricken. It is in this sense that to study the features of Pu Songling' s grassroots writing may reveal the relationship between the occupations of bottom literary men in traditional Chinese society and their literary travail.

On Modifications of Hattori Nankaku' s Poems in Dongying Poems

2012, 29(2):  121-127. 

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Although Yu Yue's alernations of orinial poems do not effect the high quality of Dongying Poem, it is not a good example for us to follow if documents are to be saved. It is by no means proper for a compiler to change originals without any notes.

Social Differentiation and Divergent Value Identity in TV Audiences
——An Empirical Study Based on the Shanghai Survey

2012, 29(2):  128-140. 

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To some extent TV plays an important role in the construction of social value identity. Based on the survey of Shanghai citizens in 2009, this article finds differences among diverse occupational and status groups in watching habits, the utilization and appreciation of TV as well as the assessment and trust of TV programs. All these differences lead to the divergence among TV audiences in social values including the identification of society, the consciousness of selfinterest and the sense of public morality. To rebuild social value identity in the new era, it is therefore necessary to give full scope to TV programs continuously.