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[19] Howe. The Immigrant Jews of New York: 1881 to the Present[M] . London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976:630.
[20] Louis Harap. Creative Awakening: The Jeiwsh Presence in TwentiethCentury American Literature 1900—1940s[M] . New York: Greenwood Press, 1987:3.
[21] Appelfeld A. The Artist as a Jewish Writer[C] //Asher Z Milbauer, Donald G Watson. Reading Philip Roth, New York: Macmillan Press, 1987:13.
[22] Chametzky J, Felstiner J, Flanzbaum H, Hellerstein K. Jewish American Literature: A Norton Anthology[M] . New York and London: W W Norton & Company, 2001:577.
[23] Emily Budick. The Place of Israel in American Writing: Reflections on Saul Bellow' s To Jerusalem and Back [J] . South Central Review, 1991,(1):5970.
[24] Saul Bellow. It All Adds Up: From the Dim Past to the Uncertain Future[M] . London: Secker & Warburg, 1994:98.
[25] Jocelyn Helling. The Holocaust and Antisemitism: A Short History[M] . Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2003:301308.
[26] James Atlas. Bellow:A Biography[M] . New York: Random House, 2000. |