Abstract: The sudden prosperity of Yuan Drama is, by Chinese scholars, the result of the oppressed people of Han; whilst the Cambridge History of Liao, Xia, Jin, and Yuan Dynasties puts forward Interactive Theory from sociological point of view. With reference to Chen Yinke's Group Research of modern sociology, and to the study methods of political system of Tang dynasty and literati politics, by comparing the nobility scholars group of Han with Yuan dramatist recorded in the Book of Ghosts, and by image education of Buddhism and the Inscriptional Records of Yuan Dynasty, the paper puts forward new interpretation on short prosperity of Yuan drama.

Key words: Chinese opera, Yuan dynasty, yuan drama