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上海大学学报(社会科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 1-14.

• •    下一篇

基于《中华人民共和国生态环境法典》的碳交易市场规范续造

  

  1. 武汉大学 环境法研究所
  • 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-08-03
  • 作者简介:
    柯坚，武汉大学环境法研究所教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向：环境法。
  • 基金资助:

    教育部人文社会科学研究项目（24YJC820031）

    中国法学会 2024 年度部级法学研究课题［CLS（2024）D20］

Normative Reconstruction of Carbon Trading Market Based on the Framework of Ecological and Environmental Code of the People’s Republic of China

  1. Research Institute of Environmental Law, Wuhan University
  • Online:2026-07-15 Published:2026-08-03

摘要：

“双碳”国家战略目标的提出，加速了我国碳交易市场的发育与成长，其制度规范体系不断健全。然而，基于战略引领、政策推进的碳交易拟制性、建构性市场，存在着法律依据、法治基础的先天不足，并直接影响了碳交易市场及其制度规范的权威性、确定性、实效性。全国人大对于《中华人民共和国生态环境法典》的通过及其“绿色低碳发展”编的立法范式创新，不仅确立了中国式现代化与绿色低碳发展的生态环境法自主话语体系，而且成为推动我国碳交易制度体系从战略引领、政策拟制到法治构建的新节点，为碳交易制度规范化、法治化进程注入了新动能。法典中涉碳交易的相关规定，从为碳市场创设合法性基础、明确碳市场的架构方向、为次级碳市场发展提供规范依据等三个方面，对碳交易市场及其制度演进奠定了立法基础。同时，法典通过提高碳交易制度位阶、统摄其他法律法规中涉碳排放规定、提升碳交易制度体系降碳效能等三个方面，对碳交易制度规范续造具有明显的赋能作用。基于法典的相关立法规定，碳交易制度的规范续造应当以权能为线索、监管协同为进路，构建“差异—协同”的碳交易市场有序化、整体化的发展格局，充分发挥碳排放权交易市场与温室气体自愿减排交易市场的市场效能，推动国家绿色低碳发展转型。

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Abstract:

The proposal of the national“Dual Carbon”strategic goals has accelerated the development and growth of China’s carbon trading market, leading to the continuous improvement of its institutional and regulatory system. However, driven primarily by strategic guidance and policy directives, the carbon trading market—essentially an artificially constructed fiat market—suffers from inherent deficiencies in its legal basis and rule-of-law foundation. This inadequacy directly compromises the authority, certainty, and practical efficacy of the market and its institutional norms. The adoption of the Ecological and Environmental Code of the People’s Republic of China by the National People’s Congress and the innovative legislative paradigm of its Book on“Green and Low-Carbon Development”have not only established an autonomous discourse system of ecological and environmental law featuring Chinese modernization and green and low-carbon development, but have also become a new milestone. This milestone pushes China’s carbon trading institutional system to

transition from strategic guidance and policy fiction to rule-of-law construction, injecting new momentum into the standardization and legalization of the carbon trading system. The carbon trading-related provisions in the Code lay a legislative foundation for the evolution of the carbon trading market and its institutions from three aspects:  establishing a legitimacy basis for the carbon market, clarifying the structural direction of the market, and providing a normative basis for the development of the secondary carbon market. Meanwhile, the Code

significantly empowers the normative continuation of the carbon trading system by elevating its legal hierarchy, unifying carbon emission-related provisions scattered across other laws and regulations, and enhancing the carbon-reduction efficacy of the entire institutional framework. Based on the relevant legislative provisions of the Code, the normative reconstruction of the carbon trading system should take rights and powers as the underlying thread and regulatory synergy as the pathway. It aims to build an orderly and holistic development pattern characterized by“differentiation-synergy,”fully leveraging the market efficacy of both the carbon emission rights trading market and the voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading market, thereby driving the nation’s transition toward green and low-carbon development.

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