Abstract: As a major theoretical and practical issue, humanity is hard to illustrate but easy to describe. The nature of human beings, who are essentially special animals, is composed of basic animal instinct and other manunique properties. While the former is mainly about the negative lust for food and sex, which is realized by being selfish, lazy, cowardly, greedy, etc., the latter are basically about the positive nature of consciousness and wisdom, which develops with the brain and is reflected in various aspects, such as to be morally kind, socially altruistic, consciously industrious, culturally metaphysical, mentally noble, etc. These two aspects of human nature are opposite to but dependent on each other, and a good understanding of them will benefit us a lot in acquiring the wisdom of life.

Key words:  Duality of Human Nature, wisdom of life, positive nature of consciousness , dependent on each other, various aspects