Abstract:

The rural collective economy with its land ownership being predominant, after the disintegration of the people' s commune, does not produce any carrier as its effective realization form that can replace the people' s commune in the times of the planned economy. Thus a new, effective realization form of rural collective economy seems ready to come out, which is also a necessity for China to change the current situation where the centre government sets up policies directly for peasants, and where there is a disagreement between the macroscopic target of the government' s assisting agriculture by public finance and the microscopic target of the peasant' s economic behaviors. This essay, taking Shaanxi Province as the study case, gives an interpretation of the new connotation of rural collective economy. It also puts forward such five new effective forms of realization as the peasant' s selfdetermination for land flowing, the operation of the county governmental organization plus the peasant' s household; circulating industrial parks; various economic organizations for the peasant' s professional cooperation and Yangling' s new, high industrial park as an example, and, at the same time, makes a comparison to them. The author holds that, during a period of future time, the diversification of the realization form is the normal situation for rural collective economy. For the development of rural collective economy, the whole agricultural and nonagricultural resources need to be taken full advantage of, so as to create manifold realization forms of rural collective economy such as industrial parks, family farms, agricultural industries and economic cooperation organizations. And, during the process of creating these realization forms, an importance must be attached to the guidance of the government, which is also necessary for building new socialist villages and for developing modern agriculture. As for rural collective land ownership, its shortcoming is not the basic obstacle of realizing rural collective economy. It is necessary to be fully aware that, within the scope of the world, the private property of land is not the unique realization form of land right. Therefore, rural collective economy on the basis of rural collective land ownership can be equally vital.
 

Key words: rural collective economy; realization form; collective ownership