Abstract: Abstract： What is the New Structural Economics? What is the research of it? Based on these questions, how to conduct research of New Structural Economics is analyzed. Five principles should be followed in the research of New Structural Economics. First, to start with phenomena instead of theoretical models. Second, to keep a mindset of “depending on none”, i.e., independent thinking by relying on no previous theories or explanations in dealing with phenomena. Third, to return to Adam Smith’s research methodology of exploring the essence and determinants of phenomena. Fourth, to start from the particular to the general in conducting theoretical studies since particularities always exist in phenomena. Fifth, to understand the differences and endogeneity among countries with various degrees of development and shift from the twodimensional economics concluded from the economic structures and experience of developed countries to the threedimensional economics based on different structures of countries with various degrees of development, so as to explore new perspectives and new ideas through theoretical modeling and empirical verification. 

Key words: Key words： New Structural Economics, research of New Structural Economics, factor endowment, “depending on none”, structure revolution